<p>In this paper we present the following result on regularity of solutions of the second order parabolic equation <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="222" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\partial _t u - {{\,\textrm{div}\,}}(A \nabla u)+B\cdot \nabla u=0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>div</mtext> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on cylindrical domains of the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="81" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega ={\mathcal {O}}\times {\mathbb {R}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> where <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="57" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {O}}\subset {\mathbb {R}}^n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a uniform domain (it satisfies both interior corkscrew and Harnack chain conditions) and has a boundary that is <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n-1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Ahlfors regular. Let <i>u</i> be a solution of such PDE in <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the non-tangential maximal function of its gradient in spatial directions <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="53" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tilde{N}(\nabla u)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>N</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> belongs to <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="53" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^p(\partial \Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for some <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p&gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, assume that for <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="65" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u|_{\partial \Omega }=f\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> we have that <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="24" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="117" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D^{1/2}_tf\in L^p(\partial \Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>D</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>f</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Then both <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="24" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="71" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tilde{N}(D^{1/2}_t u)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>N</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>D</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="24" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="90" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tilde{N}(D^{1/2}_tH_t u)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>N</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>D</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> also belong to <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="53" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^p(\partial \Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="24" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="34" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D^{1/2}_t\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi>D</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H_t\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are the half-derivative and the Hilbert transform in the time variable, respectively. We expect this result will spur new developments in the study of solvability of the <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1991_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^p\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> parabolic Regularity problem as thanks to it it is now possible to formulate the parabolic Regularity problem on a large class of time-varying domains.</p>

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On the Regularity Problem for Parabolic Operators and the Role of Half-Time Derivative

  • Martin Dindoš

摘要

In this paper we present the following result on regularity of solutions of the second order parabolic equation \(\partial _t u - {{\,\textrm{div}\,}}(A \nabla u)+B\cdot \nabla u=0\) t u - div ( A u ) + B · u = 0 on cylindrical domains of the form \(\Omega ={\mathcal {O}}\times {\mathbb {R}}\) Ω = O × R where \({\mathcal {O}}\subset {\mathbb {R}}^n\) O R n is a uniform domain (it satisfies both interior corkscrew and Harnack chain conditions) and has a boundary that is \(n-1\) n - 1 -Ahlfors regular. Let u be a solution of such PDE in \(\Omega \) Ω and the non-tangential maximal function of its gradient in spatial directions \(\tilde{N}(\nabla u)\) N ~ ( u ) belongs to \(L^p(\partial \Omega )\) L p ( Ω ) for some \(p>1\) p > 1 . Furthermore, assume that for \(u|_{\partial \Omega }=f\) u | Ω = f we have that \(D^{1/2}_tf\in L^p(\partial \Omega )\) D t 1 / 2 f L p ( Ω ) . Then both \(\tilde{N}(D^{1/2}_t u)\) N ~ ( D t 1 / 2 u ) and \(\tilde{N}(D^{1/2}_tH_t u)\) N ~ ( D t 1 / 2 H t u ) also belong to \(L^p(\partial \Omega )\) L p ( Ω ) , where \(D^{1/2}_t\) D t 1 / 2 and \(H_t\) H t are the half-derivative and the Hilbert transform in the time variable, respectively. We expect this result will spur new developments in the study of solvability of the \(L^p\) L p parabolic Regularity problem as thanks to it it is now possible to formulate the parabolic Regularity problem on a large class of time-varying domains.