<p>In this paper, we consider the existence and multiplicity of normalized solutions for the following (2,&#xa0;<i>q</i>)-Laplacian equation where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1920_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="80" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1&lt;q&lt;N\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1920_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="162" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta _q=\operatorname {div}\left( |\nabla u|^{q-2} \nabla u\right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>q</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>div</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the <i>q</i>-Laplacian operator, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1920_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>λ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a Lagrange multiplier and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1920_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a constant. The nonlinearity <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1920_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="73" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(g:\mathbb {R}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is continuous and the behaviour of <i>g</i> at the origin is allowed to be strongly sublinear, i.e., <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1920_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="128" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lim \limits _{s \rightarrow 0} g(s) / s=-\infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <munder> <mo movablelimits="false">lim</mo> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </munder> <mi>g</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which includes the logarithmic nonlinearity <Equation ID="Equ1"> <EquationNumber>0.2</EquationNumber> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1920_Article_Equ1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="107" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} g(s)= s \log s^2. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>log</mo> <msup> <mi>s</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>We consider a family of approximating problems that can be set in <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1920_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="152" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H^1\left( \mathbb {R}^N\right) \cap D^{1, q}\left( \mathbb {R}^N\right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>H</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </mfenced> <mo>∩</mo> <msup> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the corresponding least-energy solutions. Then, we prove that such a family of solutions converges to a least-energy solution to the original problem. Additionally, under certain assumptions about <i>g</i> that allow us to work in a suitable subspace of <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1920_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="152" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H^1\left( \mathbb {R}^N\right) \cap D^{1, q}\left( \mathbb {R}^N\right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>H</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </mfenced> <mo>∩</mo> <msup> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we prove the existence of infinitely many solutions of the above (2,&#xa0;<i>q</i>)-Laplacian equation.</p>

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Normalized Solutions to a Class of (2, q)-Laplacian Equations in the Strongly Sublinear Regime

  • Rui Ding,
  • Chao Ji,
  • Patrizia Pucci

摘要

In this paper, we consider the existence and multiplicity of normalized solutions for the following (2, q)-Laplacian equation where \(1<q<N\) 1 < q < N , \(\Delta _q=\operatorname {div}\left( |\nabla u|^{q-2} \nabla u\right) \) Δ q = div | u | q - 2 u is the q-Laplacian operator, \(\lambda \) λ is a Lagrange multiplier and \(c>0\) c > 0 is a constant. The nonlinearity \(g:\mathbb {R}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}\) g : R R is continuous and the behaviour of g at the origin is allowed to be strongly sublinear, i.e., \(\lim \limits _{s \rightarrow 0} g(s) / s=-\infty \) lim s 0 g ( s ) / s = - , which includes the logarithmic nonlinearity 0.2 \(\begin{aligned} g(s)= s \log s^2. \end{aligned}\) g ( s ) = s log s 2 . We consider a family of approximating problems that can be set in \(H^1\left( \mathbb {R}^N\right) \cap D^{1, q}\left( \mathbb {R}^N\right) \) H 1 R N D 1 , q R N and the corresponding least-energy solutions. Then, we prove that such a family of solutions converges to a least-energy solution to the original problem. Additionally, under certain assumptions about g that allow us to work in a suitable subspace of \(H^1\left( \mathbb {R}^N\right) \cap D^{1, q}\left( \mathbb {R}^N\right) \) H 1 R N D 1 , q R N , we prove the existence of infinitely many solutions of the above (2, q)-Laplacian equation.