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<p>Microgravity anaemia is a significant physiological issue in space travel, characterized by a decrease in red blood cell mass and haematological parameters. The history of spaceflights, from the Gemini and Apollo to the International Space Station, demonstrates repeated decreases in RBC mass and haemoglobin upon exposure to microgravity. The intrinsic pathophysiology includes enhanced hemolysis, fluid shift with disturbed plasma volume, and an imbalance in erythropoietin signaling and erythropoiesis. Microgravity not only enhances RBC breakdown by as much as 54% compared to Earth conditions but also causes rapid fluid redistribution, with effects on cardiovascular and renal function. This is further influenced by changes in erythropoietin regulation and the process of neo-cytolysis, whereby repressed erythropoietin causes the selective elimination of neocytes, thereby precisely regulating RBC mass in response to environmental changes. A clear understanding of these processes will be crucial for maximizing crew health and designing effective countermeasures to prevent microgravity-induced anemia.</p>

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Microgravity-Induced Anaemia: Insights, Mechanisms, and Inducing Factors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • Akshay Muralidhara,
  • Jey Kumar Pachiyappan,
  • Anitha Marimuthu,
  • Galina Yu. Vassilieva,
  • Bala Sai Soujith Nidamanuri,
  • Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy

摘要

Microgravity anaemia is a significant physiological issue in space travel, characterized by a decrease in red blood cell mass and haematological parameters. The history of spaceflights, from the Gemini and Apollo to the International Space Station, demonstrates repeated decreases in RBC mass and haemoglobin upon exposure to microgravity. The intrinsic pathophysiology includes enhanced hemolysis, fluid shift with disturbed plasma volume, and an imbalance in erythropoietin signaling and erythropoiesis. Microgravity not only enhances RBC breakdown by as much as 54% compared to Earth conditions but also causes rapid fluid redistribution, with effects on cardiovascular and renal function. This is further influenced by changes in erythropoietin regulation and the process of neo-cytolysis, whereby repressed erythropoietin causes the selective elimination of neocytes, thereby precisely regulating RBC mass in response to environmental changes. A clear understanding of these processes will be crucial for maximizing crew health and designing effective countermeasures to prevent microgravity-induced anemia.