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<p>Robot-assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery (R-MIS) has become increasingly popular due to its ability to improve surgical precision and reduce surgeon fatigue. Despite its advantages, the absence of direct tactile feedback limits the surgeon’s ability to accurately perceive tool tissue interaction forces thereby increasing the risk of unintended damage. Force sensing technologies play a critical role in addressing this limitation by enhancing situational awareness and enabling safer surgical manipulation. This paper presents a comprehensive review of emerging force sensing techniques for R-MIS, including strain gauge, capacitive, optical, and indirect sensing methods. A comparative evaluation of these technologies is provided based on performance metrics such as sensitivity, accuracy, and integration complexity and the key challenges and future directions are also discussed. This paper aims to guide the development of reliable and clinically viable force sensing systems for next-generation surgical robotics.</p>

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Tactile feedback for robotic surgery: topical advancements and challenges

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • S. Fouziya Sulthana,
  • U. Mohammed Iqbal,
  • Rajesh Anbazhagan,
  • Sreeja BS

摘要

Robot-assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery (R-MIS) has become increasingly popular due to its ability to improve surgical precision and reduce surgeon fatigue. Despite its advantages, the absence of direct tactile feedback limits the surgeon’s ability to accurately perceive tool tissue interaction forces thereby increasing the risk of unintended damage. Force sensing technologies play a critical role in addressing this limitation by enhancing situational awareness and enabling safer surgical manipulation. This paper presents a comprehensive review of emerging force sensing techniques for R-MIS, including strain gauge, capacitive, optical, and indirect sensing methods. A comparative evaluation of these technologies is provided based on performance metrics such as sensitivity, accuracy, and integration complexity and the key challenges and future directions are also discussed. This paper aims to guide the development of reliable and clinically viable force sensing systems for next-generation surgical robotics.