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<p>This paper investigates the analytical and semi-analytical wave solutions of the (4+1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries-Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation. This examines the applicability and effectiveness of the improved tan(<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frac{\phi (\xi )}{2}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>)-expansion method, the extended modified sub-equation method, and the Adomian decomposition method for underlying nonlinear model. All symbolic and numerical computations were carried out and verified using Maple software. The obtained analytical solutions were illustrated through 3D surface plots, density plots, and 2D profiles for different time values. The results reveal kink, singular kink, and periodic wave structures, highlighting the rich dynamical characteristics and physical significance of the equation. Furthermore, the comparison between the analytical and semi-analytical solutions is discussed by evaluating the absolute error between them. To the best of our knowledge, these exact solutions have not been reported previously, emphasizing the novelty and potential contribution of the present study.</p>

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Analytical and graphical investigation of novel soliton solutions for the (4+1)-dimensional KdV-CBS equation in plasma physics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Gülsüm Erva Baş,
  • Yeşim Sağlam Özkan

摘要

This paper investigates the analytical and semi-analytical wave solutions of the (4+1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries-Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation. This examines the applicability and effectiveness of the improved tan( \(\frac{\phi (\xi )}{2}\) )-expansion method, the extended modified sub-equation method, and the Adomian decomposition method for underlying nonlinear model. All symbolic and numerical computations were carried out and verified using Maple software. The obtained analytical solutions were illustrated through 3D surface plots, density plots, and 2D profiles for different time values. The results reveal kink, singular kink, and periodic wave structures, highlighting the rich dynamical characteristics and physical significance of the equation. Furthermore, the comparison between the analytical and semi-analytical solutions is discussed by evaluating the absolute error between them. To the best of our knowledge, these exact solutions have not been reported previously, emphasizing the novelty and potential contribution of the present study.