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<p>The efficient recovery of silver (Ag) from retired photovoltaic (PV) panels is crucial for resource sustainability and environmental protection. This study developed an environmentally friendly leaching method using ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O) and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), achieving the selective dissolution of Ag from retired crystalline silicon solar panels. Meanwhile, nonprecious metals such as aluminum (Al) and lead (Pb), which are commonly found in PV cells, were barely dissolved, demonstrating the excellent selectivity of this method for Ag. Light irradiation significantly improved the dissolution efficiency of Ag and reduced the amount of the reagent used. Ag dissolution occurred owing to a dual-pathway synergistic effect, which stemmed from the direct oxidation of Ag by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The strongly oxidizing hydroxyl radicals generated by photocatalysis accelerated the oxidation and dissolution of Ag. In addition, NH<sub>3</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O effectively promoted the dissolution and stabilization of oxidation products by forming soluble Ag–NH<sub>3</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O complexes ([Ag(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>). This article reports an efficient, selective, and environmentally friendly strategy of Ag recovery and elucidates the radical-mediated dissolution mechanism under light-driven conditions, offering a feasible way for sustainably recovering valuable metals from retired PV panels.</p>

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Highly Selective Recovery of Silver from End-of-Life Photovoltaic Panels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月1日

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  • Yao Chen,
  • Tianle Hu,
  • Xinru Wang,
  • Xinwei Wang,
  • Zhenyu Wang,
  • Lifei Zhang,
  • Shuhui Guan,
  • Ting Zhang,
  • Zhenfeng Bian

摘要

The efficient recovery of silver (Ag) from retired photovoltaic (PV) panels is crucial for resource sustainability and environmental protection. This study developed an environmentally friendly leaching method using ammonia (NH3·H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), achieving the selective dissolution of Ag from retired crystalline silicon solar panels. Meanwhile, nonprecious metals such as aluminum (Al) and lead (Pb), which are commonly found in PV cells, were barely dissolved, demonstrating the excellent selectivity of this method for Ag. Light irradiation significantly improved the dissolution efficiency of Ag and reduced the amount of the reagent used. Ag dissolution occurred owing to a dual-pathway synergistic effect, which stemmed from the direct oxidation of Ag by H2O2. The strongly oxidizing hydroxyl radicals generated by photocatalysis accelerated the oxidation and dissolution of Ag. In addition, NH3·H2O effectively promoted the dissolution and stabilization of oxidation products by forming soluble Ag–NH3·H2O complexes ([Ag(NH3)2]+). This article reports an efficient, selective, and environmentally friendly strategy of Ag recovery and elucidates the radical-mediated dissolution mechanism under light-driven conditions, offering a feasible way for sustainably recovering valuable metals from retired PV panels.