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<p>Airblast swirl-pressure atomizers are widely used in aviation gas turbine engines, where multiple air and liquid flow passages result in highly complex atomization processes. Swirl-pressure atomizers are also employed in a wide range of applications, including combustion engines, wet scrubbers, agricultural spraying, and other multiphase flow systems. Strong interactions between the gas and liquid phases, particularly in the near-field region, complicate the understanding of multiphase flow dynamics and primary breakup mechanisms. In this study, an experimental system employing backlit high-speed imaging was developed to investigate the near-field atomization behavior of a practical aviation gas turbine atomizer. The results show that ligament structures become increasingly pronounced near the nozzle exit under the influence of the airblast stream, while localized liquid films tend to form in the primary breakup region. Secondary droplet breakup was qualitatively observed from droplet morphologies at approximately 9.25 mm downstream of the nozzle exit when the airblast flow rate reached 800 L/min. In the near-field region (1.25 mm from the nozzle exit), at liquid pressures below 20 bar, the Sauter mean diameter (d<sub>32</sub>) decreases only when the airblast flow rate exceeds 400 L/min, whereas the arithmetic mean diameter (d<sub>10</sub>) increases with increasing airblast flow rate. Further downstream, both d<sub>10</sub> and d<sub>32</sub> generally decrease as the airblast flow rate increases. The distribution of liquid fragment shapes - classified as nearly spherical, ligament, and irregular - remains nearly unchanged with increasing airblast flow rate. Likewise, the number distribution of these fragments varies only slightly, suggesting that it may be governed primarily by the atomizer structure rather than the operating conditions. However, further analysis is required to confirm this observation. Notably, the airblast stream reduces ligament size and induces a progressive tilting of ligament orientation along the swirl direction of the spray plume.</p>

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Near-field atomization and breakup mechanisms in a multi-channel airblast swirl-pressure atomizer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Nam Pham,
  • Phuong Pham,
  • Kien Nguyen

摘要

Airblast swirl-pressure atomizers are widely used in aviation gas turbine engines, where multiple air and liquid flow passages result in highly complex atomization processes. Swirl-pressure atomizers are also employed in a wide range of applications, including combustion engines, wet scrubbers, agricultural spraying, and other multiphase flow systems. Strong interactions between the gas and liquid phases, particularly in the near-field region, complicate the understanding of multiphase flow dynamics and primary breakup mechanisms. In this study, an experimental system employing backlit high-speed imaging was developed to investigate the near-field atomization behavior of a practical aviation gas turbine atomizer. The results show that ligament structures become increasingly pronounced near the nozzle exit under the influence of the airblast stream, while localized liquid films tend to form in the primary breakup region. Secondary droplet breakup was qualitatively observed from droplet morphologies at approximately 9.25 mm downstream of the nozzle exit when the airblast flow rate reached 800 L/min. In the near-field region (1.25 mm from the nozzle exit), at liquid pressures below 20 bar, the Sauter mean diameter (d32) decreases only when the airblast flow rate exceeds 400 L/min, whereas the arithmetic mean diameter (d10) increases with increasing airblast flow rate. Further downstream, both d10 and d32 generally decrease as the airblast flow rate increases. The distribution of liquid fragment shapes - classified as nearly spherical, ligament, and irregular - remains nearly unchanged with increasing airblast flow rate. Likewise, the number distribution of these fragments varies only slightly, suggesting that it may be governed primarily by the atomizer structure rather than the operating conditions. However, further analysis is required to confirm this observation. Notably, the airblast stream reduces ligament size and induces a progressive tilting of ligament orientation along the swirl direction of the spray plume.