<p>The fuel transportation cask must maintain structural integrity after a 9 m free drop impact onto an unyielding target in a direction that causes maximum damage. For safe transportation, the effects of drop orientation on key components must be considered. This study aims to summarize the analysis and selection process of fuel transportation cask drop orientations and to identify the critical drop orientation for the 9 m drop test by providing safety procedures and discussing the effects of drop orientation on cask response. A dynamic numerical model was employed to analyze the multi-position drop of the fuel transportation casks. Ultimately, based on the results of the numerical analysis, critical drop orientations corresponding to different failure modes of safety-related component were identified, and the key technical factors influencing the cask’s drop response were summarized. The most critical drop orientation considerations should incorporate structural characteristics, including bolt integrity, structural integrity, and deformation limits. Impact limiter design must prioritise energy absorption efficiency. The considerations and effects of drop orientation for the fuel transportation cask are provided for reference in engineering practice and safety procedures.</p>