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<p>This study investigates stratified LPG injection strategies to enhance air–fuel mixing in a direct-injection diesel engine under dual-fuel combustion mode. Both single and dual-injector configurations were tested with split ratios (50–50 %, 30–70 %, 70–30 %) and staged timings across engine strokes. In the single-injector configuration, split injections occurred within the exhaust and intake strokes. In the dual-injector case, positioned at separate intake manifold locations, operated independently with flexible timing. Experiments conducted at 1700 rpm under various loads used PID-controlled injection based on sensor feedback. Results revealed that the 50–50 % split was optimal performance, reducing brake thermal efficiency (BTE), while increasing brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) by 19.9 %, 20.1 %, and 25.3 %, respectively, compared to diesel-only operation. All dual-fuel strategies reduced smoke, especially with a 70–30 % split. A slight increase in smoke opacity at low loads (&lt; 2.5 kW) was observed due to incomplete LPG-air mixing.</p>

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Experimental study on performance and emission optimization in DI diesel engines using stratified LPG injection strategies under dual-fuel combustion

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Chau Tan Vo,
  • Phat Thuan Truong

摘要

This study investigates stratified LPG injection strategies to enhance air–fuel mixing in a direct-injection diesel engine under dual-fuel combustion mode. Both single and dual-injector configurations were tested with split ratios (50–50 %, 30–70 %, 70–30 %) and staged timings across engine strokes. In the single-injector configuration, split injections occurred within the exhaust and intake strokes. In the dual-injector case, positioned at separate intake manifold locations, operated independently with flexible timing. Experiments conducted at 1700 rpm under various loads used PID-controlled injection based on sensor feedback. Results revealed that the 50–50 % split was optimal performance, reducing brake thermal efficiency (BTE), while increasing brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) by 19.9 %, 20.1 %, and 25.3 %, respectively, compared to diesel-only operation. All dual-fuel strategies reduced smoke, especially with a 70–30 % split. A slight increase in smoke opacity at low loads (< 2.5 kW) was observed due to incomplete LPG-air mixing.