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<p>Thermal batteries are essential power sources for aerospace and defense systems, where ensuring structural integrity under mechanical impact is critical. This is particularly important in inertia-activated cells that trigger thermochemical reactions using impact forces. This study investigates the behavior and safety of thermal batteries in high-G aerospace systems using LS-Dyna for explicit structural analysis and virtual drop test simulations. Two drop specifications were analyzed to evaluate acceleration and impact duration across different drop heights and cell configurations. In the first case, peak acceleration reached 2074 G during a 0.17 ms drop. In the second, peak accelerations ranged from 1124 G to 1967 G with durations of 0.20.35 ms. Results show an inverse correlation between peak acceleration and impact duration. The validated simulation model reduces repetitive physical testing, lowers costs, prevents component damage, and enables the exploration of additional drop scenarios for designing safer, more robust thermal batteries.</p>

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Impact behavior and structural design method of inertially activated thermal batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Daea Lee,
  • Sangjin Lee,
  • Changyun Shin,
  • Gyeongdu Yu,
  • Hyejin Park,
  • Jaemin Kim,
  • Chongdu Cho

摘要

Thermal batteries are essential power sources for aerospace and defense systems, where ensuring structural integrity under mechanical impact is critical. This is particularly important in inertia-activated cells that trigger thermochemical reactions using impact forces. This study investigates the behavior and safety of thermal batteries in high-G aerospace systems using LS-Dyna for explicit structural analysis and virtual drop test simulations. Two drop specifications were analyzed to evaluate acceleration and impact duration across different drop heights and cell configurations. In the first case, peak acceleration reached 2074 G during a 0.17 ms drop. In the second, peak accelerations ranged from 1124 G to 1967 G with durations of 0.20.35 ms. Results show an inverse correlation between peak acceleration and impact duration. The validated simulation model reduces repetitive physical testing, lowers costs, prevents component damage, and enables the exploration of additional drop scenarios for designing safer, more robust thermal batteries.