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<p>Vertical graphene (VG) has emerged as a promising graphene-based material for various electrochemical applications due to its distinct structural and physicochemical properties. In particular, VG shows great potential as a catalyst support or as an active electrode material for water splitting reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The vertically oriented architecture of VG provides a high density of edge sites and a large specific surface area, offering advantages over conventional planar graphene materials. However, pristine VG has limited intrinsic catalytic activity, necessitating further modifications to improve its performance. This review summarizes recent developments in VG synthesis using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), thermal CVD (TCVD), and directional-freezing techniques, with an emphasis on producing free-standing VG-based electrodes for water splitting. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to enhance the water-splitting performance of VG-based materials, including heteroatom doping to optimize the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption, increasing the density of active edge sites, and hybridizing VG with transition metal compounds. Finally, current challenges are highlighted and future directions are proposed for expanding the application of VG-based materials beyond water splitting.</p>

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Synthesis of free-standing vertical graphene-based electrodes for efficient water splitting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Myung-In Kim,
  • Ji Won Suk

摘要

Vertical graphene (VG) has emerged as a promising graphene-based material for various electrochemical applications due to its distinct structural and physicochemical properties. In particular, VG shows great potential as a catalyst support or as an active electrode material for water splitting reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The vertically oriented architecture of VG provides a high density of edge sites and a large specific surface area, offering advantages over conventional planar graphene materials. However, pristine VG has limited intrinsic catalytic activity, necessitating further modifications to improve its performance. This review summarizes recent developments in VG synthesis using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), thermal CVD (TCVD), and directional-freezing techniques, with an emphasis on producing free-standing VG-based electrodes for water splitting. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to enhance the water-splitting performance of VG-based materials, including heteroatom doping to optimize the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption, increasing the density of active edge sites, and hybridizing VG with transition metal compounds. Finally, current challenges are highlighted and future directions are proposed for expanding the application of VG-based materials beyond water splitting.