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<p>Mechanical metamaterials (MMs) have gained significant attention due to their unique structural properties, making them a preferable choice to address the requirements of complex advanced systems and structures. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts and classification of metamaterials, focusing especially on auxetic mechanical metamaterials (AMMs). The review thoroughly discusses the key structural types of AMMs, including chiral, re-entrant, rotating and hinged, multi-layered and gradient designs, and origami- and kirigami-based auxetic structures. Each structure’s architecture, functional mechanism, and subcategories are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the role of state-of-the-art manufacturing techniques for auxetic structure fabrication is explored. The review also highlights the recent advances and applications of auxetics in biomedical, healthcare, impact, and energy absorption, and flexible wearable technology sectors. The current challenges and future directions are also discussed for expanding the capabilities and adoption of these structures in leading research and production sectors.</p>

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Auxetic mechanical metamaterials (AMMs): A state-of-the-art review on advances in design, fabrication, and applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Muhammad Abu Hurairah,
  • Seunghyun Lee

摘要

Mechanical metamaterials (MMs) have gained significant attention due to their unique structural properties, making them a preferable choice to address the requirements of complex advanced systems and structures. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts and classification of metamaterials, focusing especially on auxetic mechanical metamaterials (AMMs). The review thoroughly discusses the key structural types of AMMs, including chiral, re-entrant, rotating and hinged, multi-layered and gradient designs, and origami- and kirigami-based auxetic structures. Each structure’s architecture, functional mechanism, and subcategories are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the role of state-of-the-art manufacturing techniques for auxetic structure fabrication is explored. The review also highlights the recent advances and applications of auxetics in biomedical, healthcare, impact, and energy absorption, and flexible wearable technology sectors. The current challenges and future directions are also discussed for expanding the capabilities and adoption of these structures in leading research and production sectors.