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<p>This study investigates the potential of 3D printing and thermally responsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) for advancing medical device design. The primary goal is to enhance shape memory properties by incorporating carbon-based fillers into 3DM-IMPACT shape memory resin, aiming to reduce the recovery temperature for better patient usability. The study compares the shape memory and mechanical properties of the composite material with those of the base SMP. Microscopic analysis confirms uniform dispersion of carbon-based fillers, while tensile testing reveals that carbon black improves mechanical properties. Notably, the 0.25 % carbon black composite shows a 32 % increase in elongation to failure compared to pure resin while maintaining strength. Shape memory analysis in the temperature range of 45–60 °C demonstrates enhanced performance at temperatures below 50 °C, with a nearly 100 % recovery rate for composites with 0.25 % and 0.5 % carbon black, programmed at 40 °C and recovered at 50 °C. These findings advance shape memory materials for innovative medical applications.</p>

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Influence of carbon black on 4D-printed composites: Enhancing low-temperature shape memory properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Mohsen Barmouz,
  • Armin Siahsarani,
  • Iraide Rodríguez Boo,
  • Bahman Azarhoushang

摘要

This study investigates the potential of 3D printing and thermally responsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) for advancing medical device design. The primary goal is to enhance shape memory properties by incorporating carbon-based fillers into 3DM-IMPACT shape memory resin, aiming to reduce the recovery temperature for better patient usability. The study compares the shape memory and mechanical properties of the composite material with those of the base SMP. Microscopic analysis confirms uniform dispersion of carbon-based fillers, while tensile testing reveals that carbon black improves mechanical properties. Notably, the 0.25 % carbon black composite shows a 32 % increase in elongation to failure compared to pure resin while maintaining strength. Shape memory analysis in the temperature range of 45–60 °C demonstrates enhanced performance at temperatures below 50 °C, with a nearly 100 % recovery rate for composites with 0.25 % and 0.5 % carbon black, programmed at 40 °C and recovered at 50 °C. These findings advance shape memory materials for innovative medical applications.