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<p>Thermoelectric cooling and heating systems in environmental control clothing (EEC) regulate temperature but are limited by capacity, energy efficiency, and comfort tradeoffs. This study aims to analyze thermal performance, energy efficiency, and comfort, focusing on the impact of varying input voltages. Experiments were conducted on test subjects wearing EEC. Performance metrics, including cooling/heating capacity, temperature differential, and coefficient of performance (COP), were evaluated under different voltage inputs and load conditions. Thermal comfort was assessed through temperature measurements and participant surveys during cooling and heating tests. The results were compared to ASHRAE thermal comfort standards for analysis. The results showed that increasing voltage improved both cooling and heating capacities but at the cost of decreased efficiency (COP). The system demonstrated a significant temperature difference for cooling, although lower water temperatures led to discomfort. Lower voltage settings provided optimal thermal comfort for heating, with the closest alignment to the ASHRAE thermal comfort zone at 6 V. This study highlights the importance of optimizing voltage settings to balance cooling/heating performance with energy efficiency and thermal comfort. The findings provide valuable insights into developing wearable thermoelectric systems, suggesting that voltage adjustments can improve user comfort and system performance for various environmental conditions.</p>

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Performance and comfort evaluation of wearable thermoelectric cooling and heating systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Fujen Wang,
  • Indra Permana,
  • Nitesh Singh,
  • Guo-Zhen Li,
  • Yao-Tsung Lin

摘要

Thermoelectric cooling and heating systems in environmental control clothing (EEC) regulate temperature but are limited by capacity, energy efficiency, and comfort tradeoffs. This study aims to analyze thermal performance, energy efficiency, and comfort, focusing on the impact of varying input voltages. Experiments were conducted on test subjects wearing EEC. Performance metrics, including cooling/heating capacity, temperature differential, and coefficient of performance (COP), were evaluated under different voltage inputs and load conditions. Thermal comfort was assessed through temperature measurements and participant surveys during cooling and heating tests. The results were compared to ASHRAE thermal comfort standards for analysis. The results showed that increasing voltage improved both cooling and heating capacities but at the cost of decreased efficiency (COP). The system demonstrated a significant temperature difference for cooling, although lower water temperatures led to discomfort. Lower voltage settings provided optimal thermal comfort for heating, with the closest alignment to the ASHRAE thermal comfort zone at 6 V. This study highlights the importance of optimizing voltage settings to balance cooling/heating performance with energy efficiency and thermal comfort. The findings provide valuable insights into developing wearable thermoelectric systems, suggesting that voltage adjustments can improve user comfort and system performance for various environmental conditions.