<p>This study investigates the enhancement of surface integrity and wear resistance in AlSi10Mg components manufactured via direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), utilizing a subsequent ball burnishing (BB) treatment. The effects of key process parameters—burnishing force, number of passes, and tool trajectory—on surface roughness and tribological characteristics were systematically investigated. The BB process led to a substantial reduction in surface roughness, with an average improvement of 78.15 %, and a maximum improvement ratio of surface roughness (IRSR) of 81.58 % achieved under optimal conditions (260 N force, two passes, spiral trajectory). In addition, the wear rate decreased by 42.39 %, indicating a significant enhancement in wear resistance, supported by reduced wear track widths and coefficients of friction. These enhancements are attributed to the formation of a strain-hardened surface layer and more uniform surface properties induced by the BB process. The study highlights ball burnishing as a highly effective finishing strategy to improve the mechanical performance of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg parts, enabling these parts to find wider use in high-performance and wear-critical engineering applications.</p>