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<p>This study introduces an efficient CNC milling technique for generating internal and external conical surfaces using helical tool motion. The method relies on a parametric interpolation algorithm, derived from the mathematical formulation of a conical helix, enabling precise tool movement along a three-dimensional path. This approach eliminates the need for vertical plunging and ensures smooth, gradual cutter engagement with the material. Implemented within a parametric programming framework, the technique allows flexible input of machining parameters such as initial and final radius, pitch, direction, number of turns, and step motion. It is developed as a customized canned cycle that integrates into CNC control systems, enriching the set of available machining cycles. By embedding the logic directly within the CNC controller, the method reduces reliance on external CAM software, streamlining the programming process and enhancing adaptability for complex conical geometries, including conical pockets. Simulation tests demonstrate the versatility and practical value of the proposed approach, covering both roughing and finishing operations and exploring a variety of combinations of the machining parameters.</p>

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An efficient technique for CNC milling of conical surfaces with helical tool motion

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Sotiris Omirou,
  • Marios Charalambides,
  • Michalis Menicou

摘要

This study introduces an efficient CNC milling technique for generating internal and external conical surfaces using helical tool motion. The method relies on a parametric interpolation algorithm, derived from the mathematical formulation of a conical helix, enabling precise tool movement along a three-dimensional path. This approach eliminates the need for vertical plunging and ensures smooth, gradual cutter engagement with the material. Implemented within a parametric programming framework, the technique allows flexible input of machining parameters such as initial and final radius, pitch, direction, number of turns, and step motion. It is developed as a customized canned cycle that integrates into CNC control systems, enriching the set of available machining cycles. By embedding the logic directly within the CNC controller, the method reduces reliance on external CAM software, streamlining the programming process and enhancing adaptability for complex conical geometries, including conical pockets. Simulation tests demonstrate the versatility and practical value of the proposed approach, covering both roughing and finishing operations and exploring a variety of combinations of the machining parameters.