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<p>Piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) technology has advantages of high energy density and no electromagnetic interference, providing an effective scheme for the energy supply of wireless microelectronic components. However, the traditional flat PEH is difficult to resonate in low-velocity water flow, resulting in low energy capture efficiency and making it challenging to meet the extensive energy supply needs of microelectronic devices. To enhance the output performance and adaptability of PEH in low-flow conditions, the piezoelectric energy harvester with a S-shaped cantilever beam S-shaped piezoelectric energy harvester (S-PEH) is specifically designed and experimentally investigated for use in low-velocity water flow environments. To enhance the output performance and adaptability of PEH in low-flow conditions, the piezoelectric energy harvester with a S-shaped cantilever beam (S-PEH) is designed and experimentally investigated for use in low-velocity water flow environments. To investigate the response of PEH beams, we conduct a comparative analysis with flat beams. The analysis shows that curved beams present a nonlinear stress distribution, low equivalent stiffness, and high structural flexibility under the same load. This study investigates the performance of the S-PEH under low-speed flow conditions through stiffness analysis, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and multimodal vibration analysis. The results demonstrate that the S-PEH exhibits enhanced bending–torsion coupling and is capable of exciting second-order vortex modes, contributing to broader resonance bandwidth and improved energy capture. In comparative experiments with the flat PEH and the arched PEH, we validate the effective flow velocity range and output voltage of the S-PEH in a water tunnel. The results demonstrate that the S-PEH achieves voltage outputs approximately 1.8 times higher than the flat PEH and 1.13 times higher than the arched PEH within a flow velocity range of 0.166–0.401 m/s. In addition, the S-PEH exhibits a lower onset flow velocity and sustains stable output across a wider velocity band, high-lighting its superior adaptability and broadband energy harvesting capacity.</p>

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Theoretical and experimental study of a piezoelectric energy harvester with a S-shaped cantilever beam under low-velocity water flow

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Fei Wu,
  • Ziyang Zeng,
  • Ribin Hu,
  • Jiang Ding

摘要

Piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) technology has advantages of high energy density and no electromagnetic interference, providing an effective scheme for the energy supply of wireless microelectronic components. However, the traditional flat PEH is difficult to resonate in low-velocity water flow, resulting in low energy capture efficiency and making it challenging to meet the extensive energy supply needs of microelectronic devices. To enhance the output performance and adaptability of PEH in low-flow conditions, the piezoelectric energy harvester with a S-shaped cantilever beam S-shaped piezoelectric energy harvester (S-PEH) is specifically designed and experimentally investigated for use in low-velocity water flow environments. To enhance the output performance and adaptability of PEH in low-flow conditions, the piezoelectric energy harvester with a S-shaped cantilever beam (S-PEH) is designed and experimentally investigated for use in low-velocity water flow environments. To investigate the response of PEH beams, we conduct a comparative analysis with flat beams. The analysis shows that curved beams present a nonlinear stress distribution, low equivalent stiffness, and high structural flexibility under the same load. This study investigates the performance of the S-PEH under low-speed flow conditions through stiffness analysis, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and multimodal vibration analysis. The results demonstrate that the S-PEH exhibits enhanced bending–torsion coupling and is capable of exciting second-order vortex modes, contributing to broader resonance bandwidth and improved energy capture. In comparative experiments with the flat PEH and the arched PEH, we validate the effective flow velocity range and output voltage of the S-PEH in a water tunnel. The results demonstrate that the S-PEH achieves voltage outputs approximately 1.8 times higher than the flat PEH and 1.13 times higher than the arched PEH within a flow velocity range of 0.166–0.401 m/s. In addition, the S-PEH exhibits a lower onset flow velocity and sustains stable output across a wider velocity band, high-lighting its superior adaptability and broadband energy harvesting capacity.