<p>Water-lubricated bearings play a crucial role in the propulsion shaft systems of ships, as their frictional performance significantly affects operational efficiency and service life. This study introduces a novel composite dual-layer structure designed to overcome the limitations in friction reduction and wear resistance associated with traditional rubber or plastic bearings under water lubrication conditions. The load-bearing layer is constructed from a rubber-plastic composite. In contrast, an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) intermediate layer is incorporated between this layer and the metal housing, allowing for an equal or unequal thickness configuration. The investigation into the effects of linear velocity, layer thickness, and surface hardness on friction performance was conducted through ring-block tests, and the wear mechanisms were thoroughly analysed. The findings reveal that the coefficient of friction decreases significantly with increasing linear velocity, with material thickness and hardness exerting a more pronounced influence at lower speeds.</p>