<p>This study addressed the key challenges in shield tunneling construction, particularly focusing on load variations caused by curves, top-heaviness in the main machine, and variability in rock-soil strength at the tunneling face. First, a mechanical model for the thrust system was established on the basis of a force uniformity model. Second, a fast hydraulic cylinder reconfiguration method was developed for the thrust system of shield machines. Third, a comparative analysis was conducted for a shield machine with a 8.45 m diameter of jack layout, using the force variation coefficient to validate the effectiveness of the optimization. Results showed that the optimized thrust system significantly improved load distribution uniformity and reduced hydraulic cylinder rearrangement time. This study could provide theoretical framework and foundation for designing nonuniform thrust systems in tunnel construction, enabling fast hydraulic cylinder reconfiguration and enhancing the efficiency and safety of shield tunneling.</p>