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Purpose <p>In this study, we aimed to develop a dynamic on-chip platform to study macrophage polarization in a more physiologically relevant way by incorporating mechanical forces which have been recently shown to play important roles in macrophage biology.</p> Methods <p>We developed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based platform. We examined the effects of the dynamic microenvironment on polarization states of human monocyte derived macrophages (HMDMs) towards the M1 and M2a phenotypes using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) respectively for both static and dynamic conditions. M1 and M2 polarization levels were assessed by qPCR and flow cytometry analyses.</p> Results <p>M1 and M2 polarization was achieved successfully under dynamic and static conditions. Our platform establishes that the mechanotransductive stimulation through shear stress during polarization has direct synergistic effects with stimulants on TNF-α secretion within HMDMs. Exposure to media flow rates of 0.5, 2.5, and 5&#xa0;µl/min without stimulants is insufficient to induce macrophage polarization.</p> Conclusion <p>The dynamic environment present inside our dynamic on-chip culture platform influences the human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) to become polarized into M1 phenotype at a greater level.</p>

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Macrophage Polarization Profiling in Dynamic Culture System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月25日

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  • Alperen Yılmaz,
  • Resul Özbilgiç,
  • Elifsu Polatlı,
  • İbrahim Halilullah Erbay,
  • Duygu Sağ,
  • Sinan Güven

摘要

Purpose

In this study, we aimed to develop a dynamic on-chip platform to study macrophage polarization in a more physiologically relevant way by incorporating mechanical forces which have been recently shown to play important roles in macrophage biology.

Methods

We developed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based platform. We examined the effects of the dynamic microenvironment on polarization states of human monocyte derived macrophages (HMDMs) towards the M1 and M2a phenotypes using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) respectively for both static and dynamic conditions. M1 and M2 polarization levels were assessed by qPCR and flow cytometry analyses.

Results

M1 and M2 polarization was achieved successfully under dynamic and static conditions. Our platform establishes that the mechanotransductive stimulation through shear stress during polarization has direct synergistic effects with stimulants on TNF-α secretion within HMDMs. Exposure to media flow rates of 0.5, 2.5, and 5 µl/min without stimulants is insufficient to induce macrophage polarization.

Conclusion

The dynamic environment present inside our dynamic on-chip culture platform influences the human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) to become polarized into M1 phenotype at a greater level.