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<p>Dengue and chikungunya are acute viral illnesses caused by dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), respectively. As both viruses are transmitted by the same mosquito vectors, co-infection in individuals is possible, presenting complex within-host interactions. Mathematical modeling serves as a powerful tool to elucidate these dynamics and better understand immune responses to simultaneous infections. While existing studies have explored co-infection at the population level, the within-host dynamics of DENV-CHIKV co-infection remain largely unexamined. This work introduces a novel within-host model incorporating humoral immune responses to describe the co-dynamics of DENV and CHIKV. The model tracks the progression of infection through uninfected monocytes, DENV-infected and CHIKV-infected monocytes, free viral particles, and virus-specific antibodies. Analytical results confirm the positivity and boundedness of solutions and identify four equilibrium states: disease-free, DENV-only, CHIKV-only, and co-infection equilibria. Basic reproduction numbers are derived using the next-generation matrix method, and global stability of the system is established via Lyapunov’s direct method. Sensitivity analysis highlights key parameters influencing viral persistence. The model is further extended to evaluate the impact of immunotherapy aimed at enhancing antibody-mediated immunity. Simulations validate the analytical findings and demonstrate that sufficiently effective immunotherapy can suppress co-infection and drive the system toward a healthy state. These results offer valuable insights for designing immune-targeted interventions against arboviral co-infections.</p>

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Within-host co-dynamics of DENV and CHIKV under immune-enhancing treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月8日

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  • Ahmed M. Elaiw,
  • Zainab Y. Alkhudhari,
  • Aatef D. Hobiny

摘要

Dengue and chikungunya are acute viral illnesses caused by dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), respectively. As both viruses are transmitted by the same mosquito vectors, co-infection in individuals is possible, presenting complex within-host interactions. Mathematical modeling serves as a powerful tool to elucidate these dynamics and better understand immune responses to simultaneous infections. While existing studies have explored co-infection at the population level, the within-host dynamics of DENV-CHIKV co-infection remain largely unexamined. This work introduces a novel within-host model incorporating humoral immune responses to describe the co-dynamics of DENV and CHIKV. The model tracks the progression of infection through uninfected monocytes, DENV-infected and CHIKV-infected monocytes, free viral particles, and virus-specific antibodies. Analytical results confirm the positivity and boundedness of solutions and identify four equilibrium states: disease-free, DENV-only, CHIKV-only, and co-infection equilibria. Basic reproduction numbers are derived using the next-generation matrix method, and global stability of the system is established via Lyapunov’s direct method. Sensitivity analysis highlights key parameters influencing viral persistence. The model is further extended to evaluate the impact of immunotherapy aimed at enhancing antibody-mediated immunity. Simulations validate the analytical findings and demonstrate that sufficiently effective immunotherapy can suppress co-infection and drive the system toward a healthy state. These results offer valuable insights for designing immune-targeted interventions against arboviral co-infections.