<p>Let <i>p</i> and <i>q</i> be two distinct fixed prime numbers and <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((n_i)_{i\ge 0}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> the sequence of consecutive integers of the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p^a\cdot q^b\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a,b\ge 0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Tijdeman gave a lower bound (1973) and an upper bound (1974) for the gap size <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n_{i+1}-n_i\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, with each bound containing an unspecified exponent and implicit constant. We will explicitly bound these four quantities. Earlier Langevin (1976) gave weaker estimates for (only) the exponents. Given a real number <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha &gt;1\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, there exists a smallest number <i>m</i> such that for every <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge m\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, there exists an integer <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n_i\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\([n,n\alpha )\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Our effective version of Tijdeman’s result immediately implies an upper bound for <i>m</i>, which using the Koksma–Erdős–Turan inequality we will improve on. We present a fast algorithm to determine <i>m</i> when <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\max \{p,q\}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is not too large and demonstrate it with numerical material. In an appendix we explain, given <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n_i\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, how to efficiently determine both <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n_{i-1}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n_{i+1}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, something closely related to work of Bérczes, Dujella and Hajdu.</p>

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Sequences of integers generated by two fixed primes

  • Alessandro Languasco,
  • Florian Luca,
  • Pieter Moree,
  • Alain Togbé

摘要

Let p and q be two distinct fixed prime numbers and \((n_i)_{i\ge 0}\) the sequence of consecutive integers of the form \(p^a\cdot q^b\) with \(a,b\ge 0\) . Tijdeman gave a lower bound (1973) and an upper bound (1974) for the gap size \(n_{i+1}-n_i\) , with each bound containing an unspecified exponent and implicit constant. We will explicitly bound these four quantities. Earlier Langevin (1976) gave weaker estimates for (only) the exponents. Given a real number \(\alpha >1\) , there exists a smallest number m such that for every \(n\ge m\) , there exists an integer \(n_i\) in \([n,n\alpha )\) . Our effective version of Tijdeman’s result immediately implies an upper bound for m, which using the Koksma–Erdős–Turan inequality we will improve on. We present a fast algorithm to determine m when \(\max \{p,q\}\) is not too large and demonstrate it with numerical material. In an appendix we explain, given \(n_i\) , how to efficiently determine both \(n_{i-1}\) and \(n_{i+1}\) , something closely related to work of Bérczes, Dujella and Hajdu.