<p>This study examines cross-national variation in children’s self-reported awareness of rights and identifies individual- and country-level factors associated with this perceived awareness. Using data from the third wave of the International Survey of Children’s Well-Being (ISCWeB), this study analyzed responses from 10- and 12-year-olds across 26 countries. The results revealed that approximately 40% of children worldwide had limited awareness of their rights, and nearly two-thirds were unaware of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). Substantial cross-national variation in children’s perceived awareness was observed, and to account for this variation, ordinal logistic HLM was employed. Multilevel analysis demonstrated that both individual- and country-level factors significantly shaped children’s self-reported awareness of rights. At the individual level, children’s age, home and school climates, and material conditions influenced their awareness of rights, whereas no significant gender differences were found. At the country level, national indicators such as GNI per capita and the KidsRights Index were associated with cross-national variations. Notably, adults’ respect for children’s rights emerged as a particularly important contextual predictor. These findings support an integrated framework in which the global stage model, the domain-specific model and the cultural model jointly contribute to children’s self-reported awareness of rights. However, the findings should be interpreted as reflecting children’s perceived awareness rather than verified knowledge or actual implementation of rights. The results suggest the importance of fostering environments where children experience everyday respect through the provision of children’s rights education for both children and adults in society.</p>