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<p> The research aims to analyze changes in agreeableness and its subcomponents: empathy, respect, and trust during and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2021–2024), while evaluating demographic influences of education level and gender. This trend study used independent samples of adolescents, collected annually from 2021 to 2024. The data collection instrument was the Agreeableness Scale from the Semente Panel of Socioemotional Skills. We conducted comparative analyses to identify significant differences in the scores of overall agreeableness and its subcomponents, based on the year of data collection, educational level (upper elementary school vs. high school), and gender. We observed a significant drop in agreeableness scores in 2022 and 2023, a period marked by the prolonged impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2024, we identified a recovery in the levels of this skill. Students in upper elementary school had higher agreeableness scores compared to those in high school. Regarding gender, female high school students showed higher levels of empathy and respect, while upper elementary school students showed greater trust.The socioemotional skills analyzed were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and showed changes over time, according to the education level and gender. The results support the importance of promoting educational interventions aimed at strengthening socioemotional development, especially in times of crisis, to foster students’ social adaptation.</p>

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Agreeableness of Adolescents during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021–2024): Influence of Gender and Education Level

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Giuliana Violeta Vásquez Varas,
  • Celso Lopes de Souza,
  • Ana Carolina D’Agostini

摘要

The research aims to analyze changes in agreeableness and its subcomponents: empathy, respect, and trust during and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2021–2024), while evaluating demographic influences of education level and gender. This trend study used independent samples of adolescents, collected annually from 2021 to 2024. The data collection instrument was the Agreeableness Scale from the Semente Panel of Socioemotional Skills. We conducted comparative analyses to identify significant differences in the scores of overall agreeableness and its subcomponents, based on the year of data collection, educational level (upper elementary school vs. high school), and gender. We observed a significant drop in agreeableness scores in 2022 and 2023, a period marked by the prolonged impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2024, we identified a recovery in the levels of this skill. Students in upper elementary school had higher agreeableness scores compared to those in high school. Regarding gender, female high school students showed higher levels of empathy and respect, while upper elementary school students showed greater trust.The socioemotional skills analyzed were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and showed changes over time, according to the education level and gender. The results support the importance of promoting educational interventions aimed at strengthening socioemotional development, especially in times of crisis, to foster students’ social adaptation.