Purpose of Review <p>This article summarizes the relationship between obesity and HIV, including independent risk factors, causes, contributors, and associated outcomes.</p> Recent Findings <p>Recent studies have identified the factors that contribute to the increasing rates of obesity in PLWH. Intrinsic factors play a role, including elevated visceral adiposity and increased inflammation. Difficulty with food access and socioeconomic challenges disproportionally affect PLWH, thus contributing to increased weight gain. Structural factors play a significant role in this food access inequity. In addition, antiretroviral therapy contributes to weight gain. The exact relationship between specific medications and obesity remains unclear. As a result of the increase in obesity, PLWH experience a high rate of negative outcomes, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver. These outcomes are disproportionately high in PLWH compared to the general population.</p> Summary <p>Several risk factors, including sociodemographic factors, intrinsic viral factors, and treatment effects, contribute to overweight and obesity among PLWH.</p>