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<p>This study aimed to improve the extraction efficiency of three solvents and their combinations on phenolic compounds from Moroccan <i>Crocus sativus</i> L. stigmas and corms. A simplex-centroid mixture was used with a solvent system containing water, ethanol, methanol, and their mixtures to optimize the response of total phenolic compounds (TPC). According to the validated model for each part, the optimal solvent system was the ternary mixture (0.5; 0.25; 0.25 v/v/v) water, ethanol, and methanol for stigmas, while the optimal value of phenolic compounds was 97.43 mg GAE/g DM. Also, the optimal mixture for corms was (0.75:0.25 v/v) water and ethanol with phenolic compounds of 12.87 mg GAE/g DM. The optimal extracts showed a noticeable antioxidant potential especially for stigmas (0.072 mg/mL DPPH IC<sub>50</sub>; 101.72 mg AAE/g DM) and important antibacterial activity against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>. Furthermore, based on LC–MS/MRM profile of the two extracts, we observed that vanillin, salicylic acid, and gentisic acid were identified as major phenolic compounds. This study shows that the combination of the solvent mixture may provide better biological activities than those given by some commercial antioxidants and may subsequently be useful as natural food preservatives.</p>

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Enhancing the Extraction Efficiency of Phenolic Compounds from Moroccan Crocus sativus L. Using a Simplex-Centroid Mixture Design

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Chaimae Rais,
  • Chaimae Slimani,
  • Farid Mansouri,
  • Boutayna Rhourri-Frih,
  • Laila Elhanafi,
  • Meryem Benjelloun,
  • Miroslava Kačániová,
  • Stefania Garzoli,
  • Abderrahim Lazraq

摘要

This study aimed to improve the extraction efficiency of three solvents and their combinations on phenolic compounds from Moroccan Crocus sativus L. stigmas and corms. A simplex-centroid mixture was used with a solvent system containing water, ethanol, methanol, and their mixtures to optimize the response of total phenolic compounds (TPC). According to the validated model for each part, the optimal solvent system was the ternary mixture (0.5; 0.25; 0.25 v/v/v) water, ethanol, and methanol for stigmas, while the optimal value of phenolic compounds was 97.43 mg GAE/g DM. Also, the optimal mixture for corms was (0.75:0.25 v/v) water and ethanol with phenolic compounds of 12.87 mg GAE/g DM. The optimal extracts showed a noticeable antioxidant potential especially for stigmas (0.072 mg/mL DPPH IC50; 101.72 mg AAE/g DM) and important antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Furthermore, based on LC–MS/MRM profile of the two extracts, we observed that vanillin, salicylic acid, and gentisic acid were identified as major phenolic compounds. This study shows that the combination of the solvent mixture may provide better biological activities than those given by some commercial antioxidants and may subsequently be useful as natural food preservatives.