<p>This study developed and validated a photoelectrochemical (PEC) platform for hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) analysis in alcoholic beverages by electrodepositing/annealing dense BiFeO<sub>3</sub> films on FTO and converting them in situ into BiFeO<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> heterojunctions. Phase formation and elemental redistribution were verified by XRD, SEM/EDS, and XPS; UV–vis/Tauc and Mott–Schottky supported broadened visible absorption and a direct Z-scheme alignment, while EIS revealed a markedly lowered interfacial charge-transfer resistance. Under optimized conditions, the sensor delivered a linear range of 0.1‒100&#xa0;μM with an LOD of 36&#xa0;nM, along with good selectivity against common anions and thiol-bearing interferents and excellent cycling photostability. In real matrices, standard additions achieved recoveries of 99.2%‒103.5% in water; beer and red wine contained 1–2&#xa0;μmol·L<sup>‒1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>S with 94.5%‒106.5% recoveries. These results demonstrated that in situ chemical conversion coupled with Z-scheme interfacial engineering offers a simple, robust, and general route to rapid, sensitive, and matrix-tolerant PEC monitoring of H<sub>2</sub>S in complex fermented beverages.</p>

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In Situ Construction of Z-Scheme BiFeO3/Bi2S3 Heterojunction for Photoelectrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide in Wines

  • Tingting Tang,
  • Ziyi Chen,
  • Shu Chen,
  • Peisheng Zhang,
  • Rongjin Zeng,
  • Yuanqiang Hao

摘要

This study developed and validated a photoelectrochemical (PEC) platform for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) analysis in alcoholic beverages by electrodepositing/annealing dense BiFeO3 films on FTO and converting them in situ into BiFeO3/Bi2S3 heterojunctions. Phase formation and elemental redistribution were verified by XRD, SEM/EDS, and XPS; UV–vis/Tauc and Mott–Schottky supported broadened visible absorption and a direct Z-scheme alignment, while EIS revealed a markedly lowered interfacial charge-transfer resistance. Under optimized conditions, the sensor delivered a linear range of 0.1‒100 μM with an LOD of 36 nM, along with good selectivity against common anions and thiol-bearing interferents and excellent cycling photostability. In real matrices, standard additions achieved recoveries of 99.2%‒103.5% in water; beer and red wine contained 1–2 μmol·L‒1 H2S with 94.5%‒106.5% recoveries. These results demonstrated that in situ chemical conversion coupled with Z-scheme interfacial engineering offers a simple, robust, and general route to rapid, sensitive, and matrix-tolerant PEC monitoring of H2S in complex fermented beverages.