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<p><i>Houttuynia cordata </i>Thunb. (<i>H. cordata</i>), as medicine and food in China, has some biological activities because of being rich in bioactive constituents such as volatile compounds (VCs). However, the VCs profiles in different parts of <i>H. cordata</i> from different regions have rarely been studied. Here, the protocol of VCs profiles in <i>H. cordata</i> was developed based on the ultrasonic-assisted extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the VCs profiles in flower, leaves, stem, and root of <i>H. cordata</i> derived from eight regions of China were comprehensively analyzed by this protocol. The optimal conditions based on the response surface methodology were as follows: ultrasonic time: 20&#xa0;min; solid–liquid ratio: 1:40; ultrasonic power: 100% and concentration of methanol: 60%. The protocol showed good linearity (<i>r</i> ≥ 0.9911), satisfactory intra-day precision (RSD% ≤ 9.56%), accepted recovery (91.11 to 113.99%), low limits of detection (0.4 to 2.0&#xa0;ng/mL), and low limit of quantification (1.0 to 8&#xa0;ng/mL). The extracted solution of 17 VCs showed better stability when the sample was stored at 4&#xa0;°C or – 20 ℃ for 3 days. Moreover, the content of total VCs in flowers was much higher than in leaves, roots, and stems. Results derived from multivariate statistical analysis showed that the parts of <i>H. cordata</i> were the main factor distinguishing the difference of VCs profiles and the producing area of <i>H. cordata</i> had a tiny effect on the VCs profiles. 2-Dodecanone, methyl nonyl ketone, and bornyl acetate significantly contributed to the discrimination between different parts of <i>H. cordata</i>. Thus, this work will be helpful for the development and utilization of VCs from <i>H. cordata</i> in both food and medicine.</p>

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Optimization of the Quantitative Protocol for the Volatile Compounds Profiles in Houttuynia cordata and Analysis of the Volatile Compounds Profiles in Different Regions of China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Rui Yin,
  • Jiaji Lei,
  • Jingjing Li,
  • Yuanhao Wei,
  • Linna Han,
  • Liyan Liu,
  • Rennan Feng

摘要

Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (H. cordata), as medicine and food in China, has some biological activities because of being rich in bioactive constituents such as volatile compounds (VCs). However, the VCs profiles in different parts of H. cordata from different regions have rarely been studied. Here, the protocol of VCs profiles in H. cordata was developed based on the ultrasonic-assisted extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the VCs profiles in flower, leaves, stem, and root of H. cordata derived from eight regions of China were comprehensively analyzed by this protocol. The optimal conditions based on the response surface methodology were as follows: ultrasonic time: 20 min; solid–liquid ratio: 1:40; ultrasonic power: 100% and concentration of methanol: 60%. The protocol showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.9911), satisfactory intra-day precision (RSD% ≤ 9.56%), accepted recovery (91.11 to 113.99%), low limits of detection (0.4 to 2.0 ng/mL), and low limit of quantification (1.0 to 8 ng/mL). The extracted solution of 17 VCs showed better stability when the sample was stored at 4 °C or – 20 ℃ for 3 days. Moreover, the content of total VCs in flowers was much higher than in leaves, roots, and stems. Results derived from multivariate statistical analysis showed that the parts of H. cordata were the main factor distinguishing the difference of VCs profiles and the producing area of H. cordata had a tiny effect on the VCs profiles. 2-Dodecanone, methyl nonyl ketone, and bornyl acetate significantly contributed to the discrimination between different parts of H. cordata. Thus, this work will be helpful for the development and utilization of VCs from H. cordata in both food and medicine.