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<p>The rapid and accurate detection of neonicotinoid pesticides is critical for safeguarding food safety and environmental health, particularly in developing regions where excessive pesticide use is a growing concern. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers a powerful tool for detecting trace-level analytes in complex matrices due to its high sensitivity and molecular specificity. In this study, we demonstrate the effective use of a pegylated gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based SERS substrate, drop-cast on glass base covered with aluminum foil to give a rigid support to substrate, for the detection of two widely used neonicotinoids: acetamiprid (ACE) and imidacloprid (IMI). The engineered substrate delivers a uniform distribution of AuNPs, enabling consistent signal enhancement across the surface. It exhibits a broad detection range from 100&#xa0;ppm down to 0.001&#xa0;ppm, with a remarkable limit of detection (LOD) of 0.001&#xa0;ppm for both pesticides. The calculated analytical enhancement factors (AEFs) were 7.93 × 10<sup>6</sup> for ACE and 3.85 × 10<sup>6</sup> for IMI, underscoring the substrate’s high sensitivity. Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to distinguish spectral fingerprints of the two analytes, enabling clear and reliable differentiation. The straightforward fabrication process, combined with excellent signal reproducibility, long shelf life, and substrate stability, highlights the practical potential of this versatile SERS platform for real-world pesticide monitoring and food safety applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Sensitive Detection and PCA-Assisted Discrimination of Neonicotinoid Pesticides Using PEGylated Gold Nanoparticle-Based SERS Substrates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Akanksha Yadav,
  • Anil K. Yadav,
  • Rohan Chaudhary,
  • Anjali Malik

摘要

The rapid and accurate detection of neonicotinoid pesticides is critical for safeguarding food safety and environmental health, particularly in developing regions where excessive pesticide use is a growing concern. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers a powerful tool for detecting trace-level analytes in complex matrices due to its high sensitivity and molecular specificity. In this study, we demonstrate the effective use of a pegylated gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based SERS substrate, drop-cast on glass base covered with aluminum foil to give a rigid support to substrate, for the detection of two widely used neonicotinoids: acetamiprid (ACE) and imidacloprid (IMI). The engineered substrate delivers a uniform distribution of AuNPs, enabling consistent signal enhancement across the surface. It exhibits a broad detection range from 100 ppm down to 0.001 ppm, with a remarkable limit of detection (LOD) of 0.001 ppm for both pesticides. The calculated analytical enhancement factors (AEFs) were 7.93 × 106 for ACE and 3.85 × 106 for IMI, underscoring the substrate’s high sensitivity. Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to distinguish spectral fingerprints of the two analytes, enabling clear and reliable differentiation. The straightforward fabrication process, combined with excellent signal reproducibility, long shelf life, and substrate stability, highlights the practical potential of this versatile SERS platform for real-world pesticide monitoring and food safety applications.

Graphical Abstract