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<p>A turn-on fluorescent probe using ionic liquid (IL) modified carbon quantum dots (CDs) for the determination of biogenic amines (BA) in beverage samples was developed. CDs were prepared using citric acid and ethylene diamine as precursors through a one-step hydrothermal route. The synthesized CDs were conjugated with IL by electrostatic interactions to promote higher stability and better sensitivity of the synthesized fluorescent probe (CDs@IL). The synthesized CDs@IL exhibited enhanced fluorescence emission at 467&#xa0;nm upon excitation at 385&#xa0;nm, demonstrating high water solubility and stability. Characterization of the fluorescent probe was achieved using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The fluorescence of CDs@IL can be significantly enhanced by BA, as determined in a linear range of 1.0 to 10.0&#xa0;mg/L with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.29&#xa0;mg/L. The fluorescence enhancement mechanism revealed an electrostatic interaction. Recovery tests were performed in beverage samples, resulting in recoveries in the range from 81.6 to 102.5%. The synthesized fluorescent probe (CDs@IL) was demonstrated to be suitable for BA determination in beer, citrus juice, white, and red wines with accuracy.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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A Sensitive Fluorescence Enhancement-Based Detection of Biogenic Amines in Beverage Samples Using Ionic Liquid-Modified Carbon Quantum Dots as Fluorescent Probe

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Camila Gonçalves Rodrigues do Nascimento Barbosa,
  • Fernando Luciano Alves de Souza,
  • Nattany Tayany Gomes de Paula,
  • Ana Paula Silveira Paim

摘要

A turn-on fluorescent probe using ionic liquid (IL) modified carbon quantum dots (CDs) for the determination of biogenic amines (BA) in beverage samples was developed. CDs were prepared using citric acid and ethylene diamine as precursors through a one-step hydrothermal route. The synthesized CDs were conjugated with IL by electrostatic interactions to promote higher stability and better sensitivity of the synthesized fluorescent probe (CDs@IL). The synthesized CDs@IL exhibited enhanced fluorescence emission at 467 nm upon excitation at 385 nm, demonstrating high water solubility and stability. Characterization of the fluorescent probe was achieved using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The fluorescence of CDs@IL can be significantly enhanced by BA, as determined in a linear range of 1.0 to 10.0 mg/L with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.29 mg/L. The fluorescence enhancement mechanism revealed an electrostatic interaction. Recovery tests were performed in beverage samples, resulting in recoveries in the range from 81.6 to 102.5%. The synthesized fluorescent probe (CDs@IL) was demonstrated to be suitable for BA determination in beer, citrus juice, white, and red wines with accuracy.

Graphical Abstract