<p>Allergic diseases are the most common unfavorable circumstances encountered by most individuals in their lifespan. The allergens that produce sensitivity reactions in individuals can originate from a food or food component, insects, pollens, etc. The vast food options and the diversity of food habits are the leading sources of differential food-based allergies in the Indian subcontinent. If not appropriately diagnosed and treated accordingly, an allergic reaction can also become life-threatening for an individual, especially for an infant. Numerous kits are available in the market for individual or multiple food-based allergen detection. However, most kits are costly, ELISA-based, and depend on high-end instruments and a skilled workforce. These drawbacks have encouraged modern researchers to develop cheap but highly selective and sensitive biosensors for rapid screening of food allergens. This endeavor delivers a vast knowledge of novel electrochemical, electromechanical, and optical biosensors specific for food allergen detection. The review mainly focuses on the major food allergens prevalent in the Indian subcontinent, their types and classification, and their pathophysiological effects. Finally, the review also encompasses a detailed list of commercially available food allergen testing kits specific to the mentioned allergens.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>