<p>β-Carotene is a natural food dye that is important for human health. An ecofriendly vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction strategy depending on supramolecular solvents (VA-DLLME-SMS) combined with spectrophotometric analysis was developed for determination of β-carotene. The extraction was carried out at pH 7.0 (phosphate buffer), without the addition of salt. Three distinct supramolecular solvents (1-octanol/tetrahydrofuran, 1-decanol/tetrahydrofuran, and 1-dodecanol/tetrahydrofuran) were evaluated for the separation of β-carotene from aqueous medium using vortex and centrifugation. The impact of analytical variables and the matrix ion tolerance limit were presented. The findings illustrated that the preconcentration factor, detection limit, quantification limit, and relative standard deviation were 40.0, 8.0&#xa0;µg L<sup>−1</sup>, 20.0&#xa0;µg L<sup>−1</sup>, and 1.8–2.2%, respectively, under optimal conditions. The accuracy of the process was estimated by processing spiked fruit juice samples. The findings showed that the approach was applicable for determining, preconcentrating, and extracting β-carotene from food samples. Because it employs green solvents, lowers reagent quantities, and generates less waste, the approach also conforms with the principles of green chemistry as estimated by Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) and blue applicability grade index (BAGI) scales.</p>

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Green Spectrophotometric Analysis of β-Carotene in Fruit Juice Samples Using Vortex-Assisted Liquid-Phase Microextraction with Supramolecular Solvents

  • Yasmeen G. Abou El-Reash,
  • Wael I. Mortada

摘要

β-Carotene is a natural food dye that is important for human health. An ecofriendly vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction strategy depending on supramolecular solvents (VA-DLLME-SMS) combined with spectrophotometric analysis was developed for determination of β-carotene. The extraction was carried out at pH 7.0 (phosphate buffer), without the addition of salt. Three distinct supramolecular solvents (1-octanol/tetrahydrofuran, 1-decanol/tetrahydrofuran, and 1-dodecanol/tetrahydrofuran) were evaluated for the separation of β-carotene from aqueous medium using vortex and centrifugation. The impact of analytical variables and the matrix ion tolerance limit were presented. The findings illustrated that the preconcentration factor, detection limit, quantification limit, and relative standard deviation were 40.0, 8.0 µg L−1, 20.0 µg L−1, and 1.8–2.2%, respectively, under optimal conditions. The accuracy of the process was estimated by processing spiked fruit juice samples. The findings showed that the approach was applicable for determining, preconcentrating, and extracting β-carotene from food samples. Because it employs green solvents, lowers reagent quantities, and generates less waste, the approach also conforms with the principles of green chemistry as estimated by Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) and blue applicability grade index (BAGI) scales.