<p>Ensuring the quality of packaged meat is a growing concern for modern consumers, to avoid purchasing spoiled products. This study fabricated halochromic carboxymethyl cellulose strips via solvent-casting, incorporating anthocyanins extracted from <i>Tradescantia pallida</i> and <i>Basella alba</i> as natural pH-sensitive indicators. Fabricated smart strips were extensively characterised using FTIR, SEM, AFM, XRD and UV-DRS. Water contact angle measurements indicated the hydrophilic nature of strips, with values subceeding 90°. Integrating anthocyanins significantly improved the mechanical performance, increasing tensile strength from 14 to 30&#xa0;MPa. Modified strips also exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity, increased by over 60%, demonstrated antibacterial efficacy with inhibition zones above 7&#xa0;mm and reduced water vapour permeability. Biodegradability tests revealed that all strips underwent more than 85% weight loss within 48&#xa0;days, confirming their environmental compatibility. Colourimetric analysis demonstrated distinct colour transitions across a wide pH range, from acidic to alkaline, confirming the halochromic nature. Ammonia vapour sensing tests showed over 90% sensitivity, indicating high responsiveness to volatile basic compounds. For real-time applications, strips were used to monitor the freshness of chicken meat stored at room temperature and under refrigeration. TVBN increased by 58&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g at room temperature and 22&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g under refrigerated conditions by the 6th day, correlating with evident colour changes in strips. These findings highlight the potential of anthocyanin-integrated carboxymethyl cellulose strips as effective, eco-friendly indicators for real-time meat freshness monitoring, offering strong pH sensitivity, gas detection capability and functional biodegradability suitable for smart packaging applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Fabrication of Halochromic Carboxymethylcellulose Strips Integrated with Anthocyanins for Real-time Visual Detection of Meat Quality

  • S. Subasini,
  • D. Bhavadharani,
  • S. Gopika Devi,
  • M. Kanagalakshmi,
  • Anitha Pius

摘要

Ensuring the quality of packaged meat is a growing concern for modern consumers, to avoid purchasing spoiled products. This study fabricated halochromic carboxymethyl cellulose strips via solvent-casting, incorporating anthocyanins extracted from Tradescantia pallida and Basella alba as natural pH-sensitive indicators. Fabricated smart strips were extensively characterised using FTIR, SEM, AFM, XRD and UV-DRS. Water contact angle measurements indicated the hydrophilic nature of strips, with values subceeding 90°. Integrating anthocyanins significantly improved the mechanical performance, increasing tensile strength from 14 to 30 MPa. Modified strips also exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity, increased by over 60%, demonstrated antibacterial efficacy with inhibition zones above 7 mm and reduced water vapour permeability. Biodegradability tests revealed that all strips underwent more than 85% weight loss within 48 days, confirming their environmental compatibility. Colourimetric analysis demonstrated distinct colour transitions across a wide pH range, from acidic to alkaline, confirming the halochromic nature. Ammonia vapour sensing tests showed over 90% sensitivity, indicating high responsiveness to volatile basic compounds. For real-time applications, strips were used to monitor the freshness of chicken meat stored at room temperature and under refrigeration. TVBN increased by 58 mg/100 g at room temperature and 22 mg/100 g under refrigerated conditions by the 6th day, correlating with evident colour changes in strips. These findings highlight the potential of anthocyanin-integrated carboxymethyl cellulose strips as effective, eco-friendly indicators for real-time meat freshness monitoring, offering strong pH sensitivity, gas detection capability and functional biodegradability suitable for smart packaging applications.

Graphical Abstract