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<p>The potential of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, coupled with chemometric analysis, has been investigated in this study to provide a rapid and environmentally friendly method for detecting and quantifying palm oil adulteration in commercially available cow milk in Bangladesh. ATR-FTIR first derivative spectra, within the range of 1800–1000&#xa0;cm<sup>–1</sup>, were analyzed for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of adulteration. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) successfully differentiated between pure and adulterated milk samples with 96.4% accuracy, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve value of 1.0. For quantitative analysis of palm oil in adulterated cow milk, orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) regression was used. The selected OPLS model (M2) demonstrated strong calibration performance, with cumulative <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>X, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>Y, and <i>Q</i><sup>2</sup> values of 0.945, 0.982, and 0.965, respectively. The model yielded an optimal limit of detection (LOD) of 1.22% and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.71%. Validation of the model indicated good predictive capacity, with a lower root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE) of 1.484 and a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 2.014. These findings suggest that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, combined with chemometric analysis, offers a promising tool for rapid detection and quantification of palm oil adulteration in cow milk. This approach can contribute significantly to quality control measures within the Bangladeshi dairy industry.</p>

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Development of a Rapid Qualitative and Quantitative Method for the Detection of Palm Oil Adulteration in Cow Milk from Bangladesh by Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy with Chemometric Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月3日

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  • S. Rookeiya Tahmina Parija,
  • Jahangir Alam,
  • Hillol Roy,
  • Mahmudul Bhuiyan,
  • M. Shadman Khan,
  • M. Rashidul Alam Rifat,
  • M. Shajalal Ahammed,
  • Mizanur Rahman,
  • M. Najim Uddin,
  • Ismail M. M. Rahman,
  • M. Atikul Islam

摘要

The potential of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, coupled with chemometric analysis, has been investigated in this study to provide a rapid and environmentally friendly method for detecting and quantifying palm oil adulteration in commercially available cow milk in Bangladesh. ATR-FTIR first derivative spectra, within the range of 1800–1000 cm–1, were analyzed for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of adulteration. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) successfully differentiated between pure and adulterated milk samples with 96.4% accuracy, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve value of 1.0. For quantitative analysis of palm oil in adulterated cow milk, orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) regression was used. The selected OPLS model (M2) demonstrated strong calibration performance, with cumulative R2X, R2Y, and Q2 values of 0.945, 0.982, and 0.965, respectively. The model yielded an optimal limit of detection (LOD) of 1.22% and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.71%. Validation of the model indicated good predictive capacity, with a lower root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE) of 1.484 and a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 2.014. These findings suggest that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, combined with chemometric analysis, offers a promising tool for rapid detection and quantification of palm oil adulteration in cow milk. This approach can contribute significantly to quality control measures within the Bangladeshi dairy industry.