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<p>This study presents a process optimization and techno-economic evaluation of hydrogen production via biomass gasification using four abundant agricultural residues in Indonesia: palm oil empty fruit bunches (PO-EFB), palm kernel shells (PO-PKS), rice husks (RH), and corn cobs (CC). Aspen Plus V14 was employed to simulate gasification under varying temperatures (700–1000&#xa0;°C) and gasifying agent-to-biomass ratios (1:1–1.5:1) using both air and steam. Results show that steam consistently outperforms air, nearly doubling hydrogen yields (up to 49.52&#xa0;mol kg<sup>− 1</sup> for RH) while enabling efficient operation at lower temperatures (700&#xa0;°C). Techno-economic analysis indicates that steam gasification reduces the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) by 50–60% compared to air, with RH achieving the lowest LCOH of 1531 USD ton<sup>− 1</sup> H₂ and PO-PKS providing the most cost-effective syngas production at 1033 USD ton<sup>− 1</sup>. Sensitivity analysis highlights capital investment and utility costs as the dominant economic drivers. Overall, this study highlights the role of agricultural biomass residues in Indonesia as viable bioenergy feedstocks and demonstrates the potential of steam gasification to support cost-effective renewable fuel production in biomass-rich developing regions.</p>

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Techno-Economic Assessment of Hydrogen Production From Agricultural Biomass Residues Via Gasification: Strategies for Bioenergy Feedstock Selection in Indonesia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Bima Prasetya Pancasakti,
  • Teta Fathya Widawati,
  • Budhijanto Budhijanto

摘要

This study presents a process optimization and techno-economic evaluation of hydrogen production via biomass gasification using four abundant agricultural residues in Indonesia: palm oil empty fruit bunches (PO-EFB), palm kernel shells (PO-PKS), rice husks (RH), and corn cobs (CC). Aspen Plus V14 was employed to simulate gasification under varying temperatures (700–1000 °C) and gasifying agent-to-biomass ratios (1:1–1.5:1) using both air and steam. Results show that steam consistently outperforms air, nearly doubling hydrogen yields (up to 49.52 mol kg− 1 for RH) while enabling efficient operation at lower temperatures (700 °C). Techno-economic analysis indicates that steam gasification reduces the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) by 50–60% compared to air, with RH achieving the lowest LCOH of 1531 USD ton− 1 H₂ and PO-PKS providing the most cost-effective syngas production at 1033 USD ton− 1. Sensitivity analysis highlights capital investment and utility costs as the dominant economic drivers. Overall, this study highlights the role of agricultural biomass residues in Indonesia as viable bioenergy feedstocks and demonstrates the potential of steam gasification to support cost-effective renewable fuel production in biomass-rich developing regions.