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<p>Forest harvesting residues offer a promising renewable feedstock for producing bioproducts such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). However, the techno-economic viability of bioproduction from forest residues remains challenging due to high investment risks and limited commercial maturity. While the literature emphasizes the role of government interventions in addressing some of these barriers, such policies have rarely been integrated into techno-economic models for emerging products like nanocellulose. This study addresses this gap by outlining the technical aspects of CNC and CNF production, designing supply chain pathways from forest residue collection to final product, and specifying the required equipment and capacities at each stage. A techno-economic analysis is performed to calculate the net present value (NPV) and evaluate feasibility across three production scales (small, medium, large) at four locations in the Williams Lake Timber Supply Area, British Columbia (BC), Canada. The impacts of four governmental policies, including feedstock subsidies, direct capital investment incentives, enhanced first-year depreciation allowances, and BC’s carbon pricing system are also evaluated to assess their effectiveness in improving the economic performance. Results show economic infeasibility of small-scale CNC productions. Among the policies tested, only direct capital investment incentives significantly improve NPV, though insufficient to make small-scale CNC productions viable. Other policies have minimal effects. Sensitivity analysis highlights that the selling price and capital investment are among the most influential parameters affecting feasibility. Therefore, future policies should focus on measures that enhance revenue or reduce capital costs, such as output-based subsidies or greater public investment in capital expenditures. Overall, this study highlights the need for a stronger or better-targeted policy support to advance the commercial viability of forest biomass-based bioproducts.</p>

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Techno-Economic Assessment of Nanocellulose Production from Forest Harvesting Residues: Impacts of Governmental Policies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Kimiya Rahmani Mokarrari,
  • Taraneh Sowlati

摘要

Forest harvesting residues offer a promising renewable feedstock for producing bioproducts such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). However, the techno-economic viability of bioproduction from forest residues remains challenging due to high investment risks and limited commercial maturity. While the literature emphasizes the role of government interventions in addressing some of these barriers, such policies have rarely been integrated into techno-economic models for emerging products like nanocellulose. This study addresses this gap by outlining the technical aspects of CNC and CNF production, designing supply chain pathways from forest residue collection to final product, and specifying the required equipment and capacities at each stage. A techno-economic analysis is performed to calculate the net present value (NPV) and evaluate feasibility across three production scales (small, medium, large) at four locations in the Williams Lake Timber Supply Area, British Columbia (BC), Canada. The impacts of four governmental policies, including feedstock subsidies, direct capital investment incentives, enhanced first-year depreciation allowances, and BC’s carbon pricing system are also evaluated to assess their effectiveness in improving the economic performance. Results show economic infeasibility of small-scale CNC productions. Among the policies tested, only direct capital investment incentives significantly improve NPV, though insufficient to make small-scale CNC productions viable. Other policies have minimal effects. Sensitivity analysis highlights that the selling price and capital investment are among the most influential parameters affecting feasibility. Therefore, future policies should focus on measures that enhance revenue or reduce capital costs, such as output-based subsidies or greater public investment in capital expenditures. Overall, this study highlights the need for a stronger or better-targeted policy support to advance the commercial viability of forest biomass-based bioproducts.