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<p>This study evaluates the environmental performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) of cattle manure, poultry litter, and straw in Ireland, where livestock agriculture is the second-largest source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The aim is to determine whether AD can reduce environmental burdens relative to current practices in which these residues are directly applied as organic fertilisers. A consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted in accordance with ISO standards, modelling six scenarios encompassing mono-digestion and co-digestion pathways. These were compared against fertiliser-only systems and the electricity mix across 18 ReCiPe midpoint impact categories. AD substantially reduced climate, acidification, eutrophication, and most toxicity impacts relative to direct land application. Poultry litter delivered the best performance due to its high energy content, while co-digestion with straw significantly improved cattle manure systems. Construction-related emissions were the main limitation across AD scenarios. The findings demonstrate that AD provides a more sustainable management option for Irish agricultural residues and contributes to national climate and circular-economy goals.</p>

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Consequential Life Cycle Assessment of Cattle, Poultry, and Straw Biowastes as Game-changers for Ireland’s Biorefinery Future

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Emel Hasan Yusuf

摘要

This study evaluates the environmental performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) of cattle manure, poultry litter, and straw in Ireland, where livestock agriculture is the second-largest source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The aim is to determine whether AD can reduce environmental burdens relative to current practices in which these residues are directly applied as organic fertilisers. A consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted in accordance with ISO standards, modelling six scenarios encompassing mono-digestion and co-digestion pathways. These were compared against fertiliser-only systems and the electricity mix across 18 ReCiPe midpoint impact categories. AD substantially reduced climate, acidification, eutrophication, and most toxicity impacts relative to direct land application. Poultry litter delivered the best performance due to its high energy content, while co-digestion with straw significantly improved cattle manure systems. Construction-related emissions were the main limitation across AD scenarios. The findings demonstrate that AD provides a more sustainable management option for Irish agricultural residues and contributes to national climate and circular-economy goals.