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<p>This research explored hydrothermal carbonization to enhance digestate from lignocellulosic biogas power plants as a soil amendment for low-carbon agriculture. Hydrochar was produced from real digestate via hydrothermal carbonization at 225–265&#xa0;°C, hydrothermal carbonization at 265&#xa0;°C demonstrating optimal properties for agricultural use. Key benefits include enhanced phosphorus retention, controlled-release nutrient behavior as indicated by <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> cultivation in its water-soluble fraction, and safe application as a soil amendment, with heavy metal concentrations within regulatory limits and absent in the water-soluble fraction. Based on theoretical calculations, labile carbon—represented by the water-soluble organic carbon fraction in hydrochar—was reduced 15-fold at 265&#xa0;°C compared to the digestate. This reduction could decrease greenhouse gas emissions from 441 to 29 tons CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent annually in a 1&#xa0;MW biogas plant scenario, while sequestering 766 tons of carbon in cropland soils. Additionally, theoretical calculations suggest co-digestion with hydrothermal wastewater could enhance nutrient recovery and methane production, contributing to low-carbon emissions. These findings underscore hydrothermal carbonization’s potential for sustainable biogas power plant, agriculture, and climate change mitigation.</p>

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Hydrothermal Carbonization of Digestate from Lignocellulosic Biogas Power Plants for Sustainable Soil Improvement and Low Carbon Emissions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月30日

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  • Boonya Charnnok,
  • Khemmikar Khompatara,
  • Sumate Chaiprapat,
  • Santhana Krishnan

摘要

This research explored hydrothermal carbonization to enhance digestate from lignocellulosic biogas power plants as a soil amendment for low-carbon agriculture. Hydrochar was produced from real digestate via hydrothermal carbonization at 225–265 °C, hydrothermal carbonization at 265 °C demonstrating optimal properties for agricultural use. Key benefits include enhanced phosphorus retention, controlled-release nutrient behavior as indicated by Chlorella vulgaris cultivation in its water-soluble fraction, and safe application as a soil amendment, with heavy metal concentrations within regulatory limits and absent in the water-soluble fraction. Based on theoretical calculations, labile carbon—represented by the water-soluble organic carbon fraction in hydrochar—was reduced 15-fold at 265 °C compared to the digestate. This reduction could decrease greenhouse gas emissions from 441 to 29 tons CO2-equivalent annually in a 1 MW biogas plant scenario, while sequestering 766 tons of carbon in cropland soils. Additionally, theoretical calculations suggest co-digestion with hydrothermal wastewater could enhance nutrient recovery and methane production, contributing to low-carbon emissions. These findings underscore hydrothermal carbonization’s potential for sustainable biogas power plant, agriculture, and climate change mitigation.