<p>Drawing on Sylvia Walby’s conception of patriarchy and R.W. Connell’s theory of masculinities, this paper shifts the analytical focus to men’s perspective within gender power relations. Conceptualising patriarchy as both structural and interactional processes, the study measures men’s patriarchal attitudes in two key domains: decision-making and sexual relations. Using data from a nationally representative sample of 101,839 men aged 15–54 from the National Family Health Survey 5 (2019–21), we employ bivariate analyses and multilevel regression models to determine the factors of men’s patriarchal attitudes. Additionally, spatial autocorrelation analysis using Moran’s I is conducted to assess the geographic clustering of patriarchal attitudes across the districts. The findings show that higher levels of education and wealth are associated with lower odds of endorsing patriarchal attitudes. Older men are also less likely to exhibit patriarchal attitudes. In contrast, men who own land, are employed, and report a family history of domestic violence are significantly more likely to endorse patriarchal attitudes. Significant variations are observed across caste and religions, suggesting the influence of broader socio-cultural factors rather than identity alone. Men in the Northeast are less likely to endorse patriarchal attitudes, whereas those in the South are more likely; this regional pattern should be interpreted cautiously, as the study focuses on attitudinal norms rather than outcome-based indicators of women’s empowerment. The significant positive Moran’s I values indicate that patriarchal attitudes are spatially clustered across districts rather than randomly distributed. Our results underscore the need for engaging men in attitudinal change programs alongside gender empowerment initiatives to collectively challenge patriarchal norms.</p>