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<p>Childhood trauma (CT) refers to experiences of abuse and neglect occurring during early developmental stages and is a well-established risk factor for adverse psychological, emotional, and social outcomes across the lifespan. Accurate assessment of CT is therefore essential for research and clinical practice, particularly in contexts marked by prolonged social adversity. This study aimed to translate the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form (CTQ-SF) into Arabic and to examine its psychometric properties in Iraqi university students. Data were collected from four independent samples, all of whom completed the CTQ-SF. The first sample (<i>N</i> = 1,034) was used for factorial validation, including exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring (<i>n</i> = 583) and confirmatory factor analysis (<i>n</i> = 451). The second sample (<i>N</i> = 238) completed additional measures of child abuse and multidimensional social support to evaluate concurrent validity and associations with external criteria. The third sample (<i>N</i> = 180) completed a binge-eating scale, while the fourth sample (<i>N</i> = 78) completed measures of anxiety and depression to further examine associations with theoretically relevant external criteria. Results supported a five-factor structure consistent with the original CTQ-SF. The modified CFA model demonstrated good fit indices, and all subscales showed acceptable to high reliability based on both Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients. Significant correlations with related psychological constructs provided evidence of concurrent validity and meaningful associations with external criteria. Although intercorrelations among subscales were generally moderate, all factors were strongly associated with the total CTQ-SF score, supporting the conceptualization of childhood trauma as a cumulative yet multidimensional construct. Our findings indicate that the Arabic CTQ-SF is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing childhood trauma among Iraqi university students and provide promising support for its use in Arabic-speaking contexts.</p>

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Arabic version of the childhood trauma questionnaire-short form

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Magda Ghassan Fathy,
  • Khaled Jamal Mandoob,
  • Talib Khalif Hassan

摘要

Childhood trauma (CT) refers to experiences of abuse and neglect occurring during early developmental stages and is a well-established risk factor for adverse psychological, emotional, and social outcomes across the lifespan. Accurate assessment of CT is therefore essential for research and clinical practice, particularly in contexts marked by prolonged social adversity. This study aimed to translate the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form (CTQ-SF) into Arabic and to examine its psychometric properties in Iraqi university students. Data were collected from four independent samples, all of whom completed the CTQ-SF. The first sample (N = 1,034) was used for factorial validation, including exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring (n = 583) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 451). The second sample (N = 238) completed additional measures of child abuse and multidimensional social support to evaluate concurrent validity and associations with external criteria. The third sample (N = 180) completed a binge-eating scale, while the fourth sample (N = 78) completed measures of anxiety and depression to further examine associations with theoretically relevant external criteria. Results supported a five-factor structure consistent with the original CTQ-SF. The modified CFA model demonstrated good fit indices, and all subscales showed acceptable to high reliability based on both Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients. Significant correlations with related psychological constructs provided evidence of concurrent validity and meaningful associations with external criteria. Although intercorrelations among subscales were generally moderate, all factors were strongly associated with the total CTQ-SF score, supporting the conceptualization of childhood trauma as a cumulative yet multidimensional construct. Our findings indicate that the Arabic CTQ-SF is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing childhood trauma among Iraqi university students and provide promising support for its use in Arabic-speaking contexts.