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<p>Urban parks are essential public spaces that support both physical and mental health. This study aimed to examine the relationships between perceived park characteristics and subjective well-being and investigates whether within-park physical activity (PA) at different intensity levels mediates these relationships. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 401 park users (52.3% female, mean age = 46.24 years) in four urban parks. Participants completed measures assessing perceived park characteristics, subjective well-being, and within-park PA, and sociodemographic factors. Multilevel regression models analyzed associations between park characteristics and subjective well-being, and mediation analyses using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method tested the indirect role of within-park PA. Perceived park facilities, accessibility, and aesthetics were significantly associated with subjective well-being. Mediation analyses revealed that vigorous-intensity PA mediated the relationship between perceived park facilities and subjective well-being, moderate-intensity PA and walking mediated the link between accessibility and subjective well-being, and walking mediated the association between aesthetics and subjective well-being. These results suggest that specific park characteristics influence subjective well-being through distinct PA pathways, highlighting the importance of designing parks with accessible, functional, and aesthetically pleasing features to promote PA and enhance well-being. Future research should adopt longitudinal or quasi-experimental designs to better establish causal pathways.</p>

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Relationship between perceived park characteristics and subjective well-being: the mediating role of within-park physical activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Zhanjia Zhang,
  • Xiaoyuan Zhang,
  • Wenxi Liu,
  • Zhengqing Zhou,
  • Xinyue Yao

摘要

Urban parks are essential public spaces that support both physical and mental health. This study aimed to examine the relationships between perceived park characteristics and subjective well-being and investigates whether within-park physical activity (PA) at different intensity levels mediates these relationships. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 401 park users (52.3% female, mean age = 46.24 years) in four urban parks. Participants completed measures assessing perceived park characteristics, subjective well-being, and within-park PA, and sociodemographic factors. Multilevel regression models analyzed associations between park characteristics and subjective well-being, and mediation analyses using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method tested the indirect role of within-park PA. Perceived park facilities, accessibility, and aesthetics were significantly associated with subjective well-being. Mediation analyses revealed that vigorous-intensity PA mediated the relationship between perceived park facilities and subjective well-being, moderate-intensity PA and walking mediated the link between accessibility and subjective well-being, and walking mediated the association between aesthetics and subjective well-being. These results suggest that specific park characteristics influence subjective well-being through distinct PA pathways, highlighting the importance of designing parks with accessible, functional, and aesthetically pleasing features to promote PA and enhance well-being. Future research should adopt longitudinal or quasi-experimental designs to better establish causal pathways.