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<p>Sleep disturbances, depression, and anxiety are prevalent in adolescents, often interlinked and displaying complex interactions. These challenges are pronounced in Chinese vocational college students due to specific stressors such as career uncertainties and the demands of skill acquisition. Despite growing evidence of the interconnectedness of these symptoms, limited research has explored their network structures in this population.&#xa0;This cross-sectional study surveyed 2,413 vocational college students aged 14–19 in Wuxi, China. Psychological network analysis was used to assess the network structures of sleep problems, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms using validated scales such as the PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Network estimation and visualization employed LASSO regularization and centrality measures. Gender-based comparisons and network stability were also analyzed.&#xa0;Symptoms from the sleep, depression, and anxiety communities were closely interconnected in the overall network, with ‘distress due to insomnia’ and ‘sleep disturbance’ emerging as central symptoms. Network stability analyses supported the robustness of the estimated network, and gender-specific analyses revealed distinct local patterns. In particular, females exhibited a stronger link between ‘use of sleeping medications’ and ‘suicide ideation’.&#xa0;This study provides new insights into the complex interactions of symptoms within the mental health of Chinese vocational students. The findings highlight critical symptoms as potential targets for mental health interventions.</p>

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Network analysis of sleep, depression, and anxiety in Chinese vocational students: A gendered perspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Jiajun Yin,
  • Fang Fang,
  • Zhaoguo Liu,
  • Yingying Ji,
  • Lili Guo,
  • Xiaoyan He,
  • Xia Sun

摘要

Sleep disturbances, depression, and anxiety are prevalent in adolescents, often interlinked and displaying complex interactions. These challenges are pronounced in Chinese vocational college students due to specific stressors such as career uncertainties and the demands of skill acquisition. Despite growing evidence of the interconnectedness of these symptoms, limited research has explored their network structures in this population. This cross-sectional study surveyed 2,413 vocational college students aged 14–19 in Wuxi, China. Psychological network analysis was used to assess the network structures of sleep problems, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms using validated scales such as the PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Network estimation and visualization employed LASSO regularization and centrality measures. Gender-based comparisons and network stability were also analyzed. Symptoms from the sleep, depression, and anxiety communities were closely interconnected in the overall network, with ‘distress due to insomnia’ and ‘sleep disturbance’ emerging as central symptoms. Network stability analyses supported the robustness of the estimated network, and gender-specific analyses revealed distinct local patterns. In particular, females exhibited a stronger link between ‘use of sleeping medications’ and ‘suicide ideation’. This study provides new insights into the complex interactions of symptoms within the mental health of Chinese vocational students. The findings highlight critical symptoms as potential targets for mental health interventions.