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<p>This study examines how language dominance influences cognitive control during language switching in Hindi-English bilingual children using a parity judgment task (PJT). The PJT combines linguistic processing with a judgment task, offering a novel way to study bilingual language control. Fifty-three participants, categorized as Hindi-dominant, English-dominant, or balanced bilinguals, responded to number-words (e.g., four, six, चार, छह) under four language-switching conditions: Hindi to Hindi, English to English, Hindi to English, and English to Hindi. Reaction times were analyzed using a mixed-design ANOVA. Results showed significant switch costs in cross-language trials. Notably, participants exhibited asymmetrical switch costs when switching back into their dominant language, consistent with the Inhibitory Control Model (Green, 1998). Balanced bilinguals displayed more symmetrical switch costs, suggesting greater cognitive flexibility. These findings underscore the role of language dominance in shaping bilingual language control and contribute to understanding how language experience influences executive function in multilingual contexts.</p>

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Cognitive crossroads of bilingualism: parity judgment under language switching in dominant and balanced Hindi-English bilinguals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Khushboo Ashokkumar Mishra,
  • Hari Shanker Asthana

摘要

This study examines how language dominance influences cognitive control during language switching in Hindi-English bilingual children using a parity judgment task (PJT). The PJT combines linguistic processing with a judgment task, offering a novel way to study bilingual language control. Fifty-three participants, categorized as Hindi-dominant, English-dominant, or balanced bilinguals, responded to number-words (e.g., four, six, चार, छह) under four language-switching conditions: Hindi to Hindi, English to English, Hindi to English, and English to Hindi. Reaction times were analyzed using a mixed-design ANOVA. Results showed significant switch costs in cross-language trials. Notably, participants exhibited asymmetrical switch costs when switching back into their dominant language, consistent with the Inhibitory Control Model (Green, 1998). Balanced bilinguals displayed more symmetrical switch costs, suggesting greater cognitive flexibility. These findings underscore the role of language dominance in shaping bilingual language control and contribute to understanding how language experience influences executive function in multilingual contexts.