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<p>Dispositional mindfulness, also known as trait mindfulness, refers to an individual dispositional tendency to attend the present moment experiences with openness, curiosity and awareness. It is often associated with well-being, particularly through its role with emotional regulation. Yet, it is not well understood how it may influence the expression of major depression symptoms. This cross-sectional study evaluated the influence of trait mindfulness on mental health outcomes in 97 adults (females = 66%; age = 26.62 [SD = 7.24]) diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Participants completed self-reported measures of trait mindfulness (via the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire), anxiety and depressive symptoms, sleep quality and self-esteem. A clustering algorithm was used to identify profiles of trait mindfulness, and independent analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare mental health outcomes between clusters, controlling for age. Two clusters were identified, suggesting a High Trait (<i>n</i> = 41, females = 24 [57.14%], 29.53 [7.64] years old) and a Low Trait cluster (<i>n</i> = 56, females = 41 [73.21%], 26.25 [6.68] years old). High Trait individuals scored lower in depressive (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:d\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>=0.795, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and anxiety (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:d\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>=0.739, <i>p</i> = 0.002) symptoms, and higher in self-esteem (<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:d\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>=-0.586, <i>p</i> = 0.007) and sleep quality (<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:d\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>=0.460, <i>p</i> = 0.037; sleep disturbances component: <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:d\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>=0.641, <i>p</i> = 0.003). While limited by its cross-sectional design, these findings suggest that trait mindfulness may serve as a protective factor in depression and may be a promising target for interventions aimed at improving mental health for this clinical population. Trial registration: RBR-4pgd3ct.</p>

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Trait mindfulness influences self-reported mental health in individuals with depression

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月24日

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  • Geovan Menezes de Sousa,
  • Geissy Lainny de Lima-Araújo,
  • Vagner Deuel de Oliveira Tavares,
  • Stephany Campanelli Esmaile,
  • Maria Luiza de Morais Barros,
  • Yves Martins Varela,
  • Kaike Thiê da Costa Gonçalves,
  • Emerson Arcoverde-Nunes,
  • Felipe Barreto Schuch,
  • Jaime Eduardo Cecilio Hallak,
  • Megan Teychenne,
  • Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de Sousa,
  • Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho

摘要

Dispositional mindfulness, also known as trait mindfulness, refers to an individual dispositional tendency to attend the present moment experiences with openness, curiosity and awareness. It is often associated with well-being, particularly through its role with emotional regulation. Yet, it is not well understood how it may influence the expression of major depression symptoms. This cross-sectional study evaluated the influence of trait mindfulness on mental health outcomes in 97 adults (females = 66%; age = 26.62 [SD = 7.24]) diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Participants completed self-reported measures of trait mindfulness (via the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire), anxiety and depressive symptoms, sleep quality and self-esteem. A clustering algorithm was used to identify profiles of trait mindfulness, and independent analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare mental health outcomes between clusters, controlling for age. Two clusters were identified, suggesting a High Trait (n = 41, females = 24 [57.14%], 29.53 [7.64] years old) and a Low Trait cluster (n = 56, females = 41 [73.21%], 26.25 [6.68] years old). High Trait individuals scored lower in depressive ( \(\:d\) =0.795, p < 0.001) and anxiety ( \(\:d\) =0.739, p = 0.002) symptoms, and higher in self-esteem ( \(\:d\) =-0.586, p = 0.007) and sleep quality ( \(\:d\) =0.460, p = 0.037; sleep disturbances component: \(\:d\) =0.641, p = 0.003). While limited by its cross-sectional design, these findings suggest that trait mindfulness may serve as a protective factor in depression and may be a promising target for interventions aimed at improving mental health for this clinical population. Trial registration: RBR-4pgd3ct.