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<p>Life satisfaction is a core cognitive component of subjective well-being and an important indicator of early and middle adolescent development. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Mongolian version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale–Child (SWLS-C) among middle school students in Mongolia. Participants were 933 students aged 10–16 years from urban and rural schools in Ulaanbaatar. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensional structure of the scale. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s α = 0.82, McDonald’s ω = 0.83), and item–total correlations were satisfactory. Convergent validity was demonstrated through positive associations with the positive subscale of the Self-Compassion Scale and a single-item happiness measure, while divergent validity was supported by negative associations with the negative self-compassion subscale. Measurement invariance across gender and school region was examined using multi-group CFA, supporting scalar invariance across gender and approximate scalar invariance across region. Latent mean comparisons indicated small gender differences and higher life satisfaction among rural students. Overall, the Mongolian SWLS-C is a reliable and valid tool for assessing early to middle adolescent life satisfaction.</p>

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Adaptation and validation of the Mongolian version of satisfaction with life scale-children (MSWLS-C) among early and middle adolescents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Zuchi Lkhamsuren,
  • Jargal Enkhamgalan,
  • Boldsuren Bishkhorloo,
  • Tyralynn Frazier,
  • Chuluunbileg Byambajav

摘要

Life satisfaction is a core cognitive component of subjective well-being and an important indicator of early and middle adolescent development. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Mongolian version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale–Child (SWLS-C) among middle school students in Mongolia. Participants were 933 students aged 10–16 years from urban and rural schools in Ulaanbaatar. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensional structure of the scale. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s α = 0.82, McDonald’s ω = 0.83), and item–total correlations were satisfactory. Convergent validity was demonstrated through positive associations with the positive subscale of the Self-Compassion Scale and a single-item happiness measure, while divergent validity was supported by negative associations with the negative self-compassion subscale. Measurement invariance across gender and school region was examined using multi-group CFA, supporting scalar invariance across gender and approximate scalar invariance across region. Latent mean comparisons indicated small gender differences and higher life satisfaction among rural students. Overall, the Mongolian SWLS-C is a reliable and valid tool for assessing early to middle adolescent life satisfaction.