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<p>Insomnia disorder (ID) is a prevalent condition affecting 12–20% of adults and is increasingly associated with cognitive impairments, yet evidence regarding inhibitory control (IC) deficits remains inconsistent. This inconsistency may be partly explained by heterogeneity in objective sleep duration. The present study examined whether IC impairments differ between two ID subtypes: insomnia with short sleep duration (ISSD) and insomnia with normal sleep duration (INSD). A total of 173 participants were recruited, including 47 healthy controls (HC), 66 individuals with ISSD, and 60 individuals with INSD. Participants completed the Go/NoGo task to assess response inhibition and the Color-Word Stroop task to assess conflict inhibition. Objective sleep parameters were recorded using single-lead EEG, and subjective sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Group differences were analyzed using ANCOVA controlling for age, followed by Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons, and exploratory correlations were examined within the ISSD group. The results showed that individuals with ISSD exhibited significantly impaired response inhibition compared with both HC and INSD, whereas individuals with INSD performed similarly to HC. No significant group differences were found in conflict inhibition. Within the ISSD group, poorer response inhibition was associated with greater insomnia severity and reduced deep sleep time. These findings suggest that ISSD is characterized by specific deficits in response inhibition while conflict inhibition remains relatively intact, indicating distinct neurocognitive profiles across ID subtypes. The association between response inhibition and sleep disturbances in ISSD further highlights the potential role of inhibitory dysfunction in maintaining sleep pathology. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of objective sleep measurement in subtyping insomnia disorder and may inform targeted interventions for individuals with ISSD.</p>

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Inhibitory control deficits in insomnia with objective short sleep duration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Haobo Zhang,
  • Zhangwei Lv,
  • Xu Lei

摘要

Insomnia disorder (ID) is a prevalent condition affecting 12–20% of adults and is increasingly associated with cognitive impairments, yet evidence regarding inhibitory control (IC) deficits remains inconsistent. This inconsistency may be partly explained by heterogeneity in objective sleep duration. The present study examined whether IC impairments differ between two ID subtypes: insomnia with short sleep duration (ISSD) and insomnia with normal sleep duration (INSD). A total of 173 participants were recruited, including 47 healthy controls (HC), 66 individuals with ISSD, and 60 individuals with INSD. Participants completed the Go/NoGo task to assess response inhibition and the Color-Word Stroop task to assess conflict inhibition. Objective sleep parameters were recorded using single-lead EEG, and subjective sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Group differences were analyzed using ANCOVA controlling for age, followed by Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons, and exploratory correlations were examined within the ISSD group. The results showed that individuals with ISSD exhibited significantly impaired response inhibition compared with both HC and INSD, whereas individuals with INSD performed similarly to HC. No significant group differences were found in conflict inhibition. Within the ISSD group, poorer response inhibition was associated with greater insomnia severity and reduced deep sleep time. These findings suggest that ISSD is characterized by specific deficits in response inhibition while conflict inhibition remains relatively intact, indicating distinct neurocognitive profiles across ID subtypes. The association between response inhibition and sleep disturbances in ISSD further highlights the potential role of inhibitory dysfunction in maintaining sleep pathology. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of objective sleep measurement in subtyping insomnia disorder and may inform targeted interventions for individuals with ISSD.