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<p>Individuals can learn the meaning of words through feedback from others at early phases. However, confusing feedback may cause disturbances in establishing lexical form-to-meaning mappings. To date, little is known about how these mappings are precisely established as language learning experiences and proficiency increase. To this end, we asked participants to perform a picture-word matching task under disturbance and non-disturbance conditions during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Brain imaging revealed that in non-disturbance conditions, more neural network connections emerged during early (naïve) learning than in later (expert) learning. However, in disturbance conditions, more connections were found during expert learning compared to naïve learning. Correspondingly, behavioral results showed that as learning experiences increased in disturbance conditions, so did accuracy rates. Together, these findings indicate that with increased experience in mapping lexical forms to meanings, individuals appear to become less sensitive to disturbances.</p>

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The Effect of Disturbance on the Neural Mechanisms of Learning Words in a Novel Language

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Mengjie Lv,
  • Huanhuan Liu,
  • Lanlan Ren,
  • Xiyuan Wang,
  • John W. Schwieter

摘要

Individuals can learn the meaning of words through feedback from others at early phases. However, confusing feedback may cause disturbances in establishing lexical form-to-meaning mappings. To date, little is known about how these mappings are precisely established as language learning experiences and proficiency increase. To this end, we asked participants to perform a picture-word matching task under disturbance and non-disturbance conditions during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Brain imaging revealed that in non-disturbance conditions, more neural network connections emerged during early (naïve) learning than in later (expert) learning. However, in disturbance conditions, more connections were found during expert learning compared to naïve learning. Correspondingly, behavioral results showed that as learning experiences increased in disturbance conditions, so did accuracy rates. Together, these findings indicate that with increased experience in mapping lexical forms to meanings, individuals appear to become less sensitive to disturbances.