<p>Chinese postgraduate students have long been under dual pressures from their life and academic studies, and are at high risk of suicide. Therefore, based on the integrated motivational–volitional model, this study aims to examine the maintenance mechanisms of suicidal tendencies among postgraduate students and the inhibitory effect of psychological resilience. We used the Adolescent Suicidal Tendency Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale to conduct three waves of questionnaire surveys (once a year) on 1,035 first-year postgraduate students. This longitudinal observational study used panel network analysis to examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between the dimensions of suicidal tendencies and psychological resilience at the within-person level. The temporal network shows that an increase in one of feeling of hopelessness, suicidal ideation, and suicidal preparation predicts an increase in the other two in the future. The contemporaneous network shows that feeling of hopelessness, suicidal thoughts, and suicidal preparations change simultaneously within a short period of time. In addition, an increase in the resilience dimension of psychological resilience predicts lower future suicidal ideation in individuals over time, and vice versa. The research indicates that the interaction between feelings of hopelessness, suicidal ideation, and suicidal preparation leads to the long-term maintenance of suicidal tendencies in Chinese postgraduate student population. Furthermore, compared to the optimism and strength dimensions of psychological resilience, the resilience dimension exerts a stronger negative predictive effect on suicidal tendencies by reducing future suicidal ideation. However, the observational design and specific focus on Chinese postgraduate students may limit the generalizability of these findings to other populations or cultural contexts.</p>