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<p>Adolescence is a period of rapid physical and psychological changes, during which teenagers face numerous challenges. Physical activity is considered an effective measure to cope with these challenges, and self-control is an important factor influencing an individual’s engagement in physical activity. However, the specific mechanisms linking physical activity and self-control in adolescents remain unclear. This study systematically reviewed the research progress in this field, analyzed the relationship between physical activity and self-control in adolescents, and explored the relevant theoretical models. This study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and conducted a systematic search of six electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Scopus, ProQuest, and EBSCO. Studies examining the relationship between physical activity and self-control in adolescents were included, and key data were extracted. The quality of the literature was assessed using an adjusted QualSyst tool, and sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity testing, subgroup analysis, and publication bias assessment were conducted using STATA 18.0. A total of 32 studies were included (29 cross-sectional and 3 longitudinal; N = 32009, aged 11–22 years), of which 24 were rated as excellent and 8 as good. A total of 48 effect sizes were extracted, including 31 correlation coefficients (r) and 17 regression coefficients (β). The meta-analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between physical activity and self-control in adolescents (r = 0.234; β = 0.16). Subgroup analyses indicated that the tools used to assess physical activity influenced this relationship, as did the age groups of the participants. There is a significant positive relationship between physical activity and self-control in adolescents, meaning that higher levels of physical activity are associated with higher levels of self-control, which can positively affect adolescents’ mental health and behavioral outcomes. This association is also influenced by factors such as gender and socioeconomic status. Schools should prioritize physical activity as an important means to enhance adolescents’ self-control and cultivate positive behavioral habits.</p>

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Association mechanism between physical activity and self-control in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Yuyang Nie,
  • Wenlei Wang,
  • Fangbin Zhou,
  • Cong Liu,
  • Jinchao Gao

摘要

Adolescence is a period of rapid physical and psychological changes, during which teenagers face numerous challenges. Physical activity is considered an effective measure to cope with these challenges, and self-control is an important factor influencing an individual’s engagement in physical activity. However, the specific mechanisms linking physical activity and self-control in adolescents remain unclear. This study systematically reviewed the research progress in this field, analyzed the relationship between physical activity and self-control in adolescents, and explored the relevant theoretical models. This study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and conducted a systematic search of six electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Scopus, ProQuest, and EBSCO. Studies examining the relationship between physical activity and self-control in adolescents were included, and key data were extracted. The quality of the literature was assessed using an adjusted QualSyst tool, and sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity testing, subgroup analysis, and publication bias assessment were conducted using STATA 18.0. A total of 32 studies were included (29 cross-sectional and 3 longitudinal; N = 32009, aged 11–22 years), of which 24 were rated as excellent and 8 as good. A total of 48 effect sizes were extracted, including 31 correlation coefficients (r) and 17 regression coefficients (β). The meta-analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between physical activity and self-control in adolescents (r = 0.234; β = 0.16). Subgroup analyses indicated that the tools used to assess physical activity influenced this relationship, as did the age groups of the participants. There is a significant positive relationship between physical activity and self-control in adolescents, meaning that higher levels of physical activity are associated with higher levels of self-control, which can positively affect adolescents’ mental health and behavioral outcomes. This association is also influenced by factors such as gender and socioeconomic status. Schools should prioritize physical activity as an important means to enhance adolescents’ self-control and cultivate positive behavioral habits.