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<p>Many studies have confirmed the association between mindfulness and emotions, but few have explored related cognitive processes. Guided by an emotional input–output model, this study investigated whether dispositional mindfulness is associated with attentional orientation or disengagement during emotional processing in mentally healthy individuals. Study 1 re-examined the association between dispositional mindfulness and self-reported positive and negative emotions in 257 participants (113 females, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 21.94 ± 2.67) using the Mindful Awareness and Attention Scale (MAAS) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Studies 2 and 3 further explored attention characteristics in response to facial expressions between high- and low-mindfulness groups using the dot-probe task and emotional Stroop task. Study 2 included 28 high-mindfulness (16 females, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 21.29 ± 1.76) and 26 low-mindfulness participants (15 females, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 20.08 ± 1.52), while Study 3 included 24 high-mindfulness (17 females, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 21.54 ± 1.72) and 24 low-mindfulness participants (18 females, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 20.21 ± 1.53). The results in Study 1 indicated that high-mindfulness (vs. low-mindfulness) individuals experienced higher positive emotions and lower negative emotions. Additionally, Study 2 and Study 3 demonstrated that low-mindfulness (vs. high-mindfulness) individuals showed faster orienting toward negative facial expressions and faster disengagement from positive facial expressions. These findings suggest that mindfulness-related affective benefits may be linked to improved attentional control over emotional stimuli. However, due to the quasi-experimental design, causal inferences between dispositional mindfulness and attentional orientation and disengagement are limited. Future research should incorporate experimental manipulations of mindfulness to clarify these relationships.</p>

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Dispositional mindfulness and emotional attention: a focus on attentional orientation and disengagement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月13日

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  • Guo Feng,
  • Xiaxia Xu,
  • Jiaying Wu,
  • Ya Ye,
  • Cao Wang

摘要

Many studies have confirmed the association between mindfulness and emotions, but few have explored related cognitive processes. Guided by an emotional input–output model, this study investigated whether dispositional mindfulness is associated with attentional orientation or disengagement during emotional processing in mentally healthy individuals. Study 1 re-examined the association between dispositional mindfulness and self-reported positive and negative emotions in 257 participants (113 females, Mage = 21.94 ± 2.67) using the Mindful Awareness and Attention Scale (MAAS) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Studies 2 and 3 further explored attention characteristics in response to facial expressions between high- and low-mindfulness groups using the dot-probe task and emotional Stroop task. Study 2 included 28 high-mindfulness (16 females, Mage = 21.29 ± 1.76) and 26 low-mindfulness participants (15 females, Mage = 20.08 ± 1.52), while Study 3 included 24 high-mindfulness (17 females, Mage = 21.54 ± 1.72) and 24 low-mindfulness participants (18 females, Mage = 20.21 ± 1.53). The results in Study 1 indicated that high-mindfulness (vs. low-mindfulness) individuals experienced higher positive emotions and lower negative emotions. Additionally, Study 2 and Study 3 demonstrated that low-mindfulness (vs. high-mindfulness) individuals showed faster orienting toward negative facial expressions and faster disengagement from positive facial expressions. These findings suggest that mindfulness-related affective benefits may be linked to improved attentional control over emotional stimuli. However, due to the quasi-experimental design, causal inferences between dispositional mindfulness and attentional orientation and disengagement are limited. Future research should incorporate experimental manipulations of mindfulness to clarify these relationships.